Figure 4.

The histopathology of the prostate in the BPH-induced rats after being treated with Lycogen™. (a) A comparison of different doses of Lycogen on prostate hyperplasia according to H&E staining of the prostate sections. The H&E staining sections were photographed by microscope at 40- and 200-fold magnifications. The thickness of the epithelial was marked with double-headed arrows. The enlarged images represented the area indicated using a black square. The grey triangle represented a dose-dependent manner of the inhibition effect of Lycogen™ in BPH tissues. (b) The quantification of H&E staining sections was done according to a five grade score, included score 1: reflects minimal hyperplasia (<1%); score 2: reflects slight hyperplasia (1–25%); score 3: reflects moderate hyperplasia (26–50%); score 4: reflects moderately severe/high hyperplasia (51–75%); score 5: reflects severe/high hyperplasia (76–100%). The data were presented as a mean ± SEM. Blank: sham-operated; BPH: BPH-induced rats; BPH + LyG: BPH-induced rats combined with a Lycogen treatment (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg). Error bars represent ± SEM. ** p <0.01 and *** p <0.001, Student’s t-test. (c) Postulated mechanisms of how Lycogen may reduce BPH. References utilized in this composite figure include [1,2,6,7,30,31,32]. Red arrow represented up-regulation of gene/protein level; blue arrow represented down-regulation of gene/protein level. Blue T bar represented the inhibition effect of Lycogen™.