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. 2018 Apr 10;19(4):1126. doi: 10.3390/ijms19041126

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Figure 1

β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (β-NAD) inhibits ATP-induced IL-1β release by U937 cells. (A,B) Human monocytic U937 cells were primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 µg/mL, 5 h) and stimulated with 2′(3′)-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine-5′-triphosphate (BzATP; 100 µM, 30 min). The concentration of IL-1β in the cell culture supernatant was measured by ELISA. (A) β-NAD dose-dependently inhibited the BzATP-induced release of IL-1β (IC50 = 15 µM). Nicotine (10 µM) was included as a positive control. (B) In contrast to β-NAD (1 mM), α-NAD (1 mM) was ineffective. (C) Real-time RT-PCR was performed to measure the mRNA expression of pro-IL-1β (IL1B). The house-keeping gene HMBS was included for normalization, data are normalized to the values of untreated U937 cells and are expressed as arbitrary units (AU). Data are presented as individual data points, bars indicate median, whiskers encompass the 25th to 75th percentile, Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney rank sum test.