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. 2018 Apr 18;19(4):1224. doi: 10.3390/ijms19041224

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic representation of the epigenetic regulation of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenal axis. The right side of the figure illustrates the epigenetic modifications that lead to stress vulnerability. The left side represents epigenetic variations leading to resilience. NR3C1: steroid receptor gene, pMeCP2: phosphorylated protein related to methylation of histones, CRF; corticotrophin releasing factor gene, AVP: arginine vasopressin gene, FKBP5: gene coding for chaperones for the expression of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptors (MR). Purple arrows indicate the hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenal axis. Blue arrows indicate the epigenetic modifications that lead to resilience at each structure. Brown arrows indicate the epigenetic modifications that lead to risk at each structure.