| TGF-β | Transforming growth factor-beta |
| GBM | Glioblastoma |
| qPCR | Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction |
| OS | Overall survival |
| PRS | Post-reoperation survival |
| PFS | Progression-free survival |
| TGF-β | Transforming growth factor-beta |
| GBM | Glioblastoma |
| qPCR | Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction |
| OS | Overall survival |
| PRS | Post-reoperation survival |
| PFS | Progression-free survival |