Table 1.
Summary of the studies reporting not only the presence but also a biological role for lipid mediators carried by extracellular vesicles (EVs). DC: dendritic cells; MAR: maresins; LPA: lysophosphatidic acid, S1P: sphingosine 1-phosphate.
| Lipid Mediator | EVs Source | Biological Activity | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prostaglandins | |||
| PGE2 | T cells | Promotion of tumor progression | [130] |
| PGE2 | Intestinal mucosa | Induction of NK cells anergy in the liver | [132,133] |
| Leukotrienes | |||
| LTC4 | Macrophages and DCs | Promotion of granulocytes migration | [134] |
| LTB4 | Neutrophils | Neutrophil activation and elicitation of chemotactic activity | [135] |
| Specialized Proresolving Mediators | |||
| MaR precursor, D-Rv precursor | Inflammatory exudates | Accumulation during inflammation resolution | [139] |
| Endocannabinoids | |||
| Anandamide | Microglial cells | CB1 receptor activation and inhibition of pre-synaptic transmission | [140] |
| Lysophospholipids | |||
| LPA | Hek cells | LPA receptors activation | [142] |
| S1P | Intestinal epithelium | Regulation of Th17 activity | [143] |