Table 1.
The expression of GDNF ligands and its receptors in cancer cells.
| Type of Ligand | Type of Receptor | Biological Functions | Type of Cancer | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARTN | GFRA1/GFRA3 | ND | mammary carcinoma | [76] |
| GDNF | RET/GFRA1 | ND | Breast cancer | [74] |
| GDNF | RET/GFRA1 | Oncogenicity | malignant melanoma | [77] |
| GDNF | RET/GFRA1 | Aromatase inhibitor resistance | Breast cancer | [78] |
| ND | GFRA1 | Cisplatin resistance by autophagy | Osteosarcoma | [73] |
| ND | GFRA1 | ND | Breast cancer | [79] |
| ND | GFRA1 | ND | Breast cancer | [75] |
| GDNF | GFRA1 | Cell migration and proliferation | Pancreatic cancer | [40] |
ARTN, artemin; GDNF, glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor; GFRA1, GDNF receptor alpha 1; GFRA3, GDNF receptor alpha 3; RET, rearranged during transformation; ND, not determined.