Table 2.

Selected α‐conotoxins that exhibit inhibitory activity at α3β2 and α3β4 nAChRs expressed in Xenopus oocytes

α‐Conotoxin Conus species	Framework	aIC50 (nM) at recombinant nAChRs		bReference
		α3β2	α3β4
ImI Conus imperialis	4/3	40.8 (h) (Ellison et al., 2004)	3390 (h) (Ellison et al., 2004)	McIntosh et al., 1994
BuIA Conus bullatus	4/4	5.72	27.7	Azam et al., 2005
TP‐2212‐59 (synthetic)	4/4	>10 000	2.3	Chang et al., 2014
AuIB Conus aulicus	4/6	>10 000 (Luo et al., 1998) >30 000 (h) (Cuny et al., 2016)	750 (Luo et al., 1998) >30 000 (h) (Cuny et al., 2016)	Luo et al., 1998
TxID Conus textile	4/6	>10 000	12.5	Luo et al., 2013
MII Conus magus	4/7	1.7 (Dowell et al., 2003)	>200	Cartier et al., 1996
PIA Conus purpurascens	4/7	74.2	518	Dowell et al., 2003
RegIIA Conus regius	4/7	33 (Franco et al., 2012) 132.4 (h) (Cuny et al., 2016)	97 (Franco et al., 2012) 45.6 (h) (Cuny et al., 2016)	Franco et al., 2012
GIC Conus geographus	4/7	1.1 (h)	755 (h)	McIntosh et al., 2002
GID C. geographus	4/7	3.1	>10 000	Nicke et al., 2003
PnIA (synthetic)c	4/7	9.56 (Luo et al., 1999)	>1000 (Everhart et al., 2003)	Fainzilber et al., 1994
LsIA Conus limpusi	4/7	10	>1000	Inserra et al., 2013
LvIA Conus lividus	4/7	8.67 17.5 (h)	148	Luo et al., 2014

Most α‐conotoxins listed were tested on a range of nAChR subtypes; however, only IC₅₀ values for subtypes covered in this review are shown. For full details see the cited references.

^aIf not indicated otherwise, IC₅₀ values were obtained at rat nAChRs. References to individual values indicate the publication in which the data were reported. h, human.

^bReference in which the α‐conotoxin was first described.

^cIC₅₀ values were obtained with the synthetic analogue PnIA[sTy15Y], which is commonly referred to as PnIA, albeit amino acid 15 differs from native PnIA of Conus pennaceus.