Figure 1.

Heat treatment accelerated the growth of the tumor margin beyond PTT. A) The depth of effective PTT. Above 43 °C, tumor cell can be effectively suppressed. B) Tumor volume of the mice treated with saline and with PTT (partially treated). C) Protein characterization of 4T1 cells with different heat treatments (treated with heat for 5 min then cultured with different times). D) Proportion of variation of HSP90 and HSP70 after different heat treatments. E) Proportion variation of IDO and PD‐L1 after different heat treatments. F) Tumor volume of the mice implanted with normal 4T1 cells and preheated 4T1 cells (42 °C for 5 min, then cultured for another 24 h before implantation). G,H) The images of IHC analysis performed on representative subsets of the tumors (G, IDO; H, PD‐L1, tumor tissues were obtained after the experiment in Figure 1F was completed). Magnification: 20×. The results of ICH analysis further proved the upregulation of IDO and PD‐L1 in the tumor tissues in which the tumor cells were preheated before the implantation.