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. 2018 Mar 26;8:5209. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21965-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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HDACs control C. neoformans virulence-associated phenotypes. (A) Capsule. Each strain was incubated in CO₂-independent tissue culture medium for 72 hours to induce capsule formation. Capsule size was assessed using India ink counterstaining, and representative cells are displayed Capsule volume was quantified by assessing the packed cell volume of normalized cell suspensions, expressed as a ratio to wild-type. Data points represent averages of triplicate samples (+/− standard error). (B) Melanin. Indicated strains were incubated in minimal media with 1 mM L-DOPA at 30 °C, 150 rpm. Melanin production was assessed visually at 24, 48, and 72 hours. (C) Extracellular protease production. Indicated strains were spotted onto BSA agar and incubated at 30 °C for 3 days. The presence of a peripheral clear halo indicates protease activity.