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. 2018 Mar 26;8:5215. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23098-8

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Anti-inflammatory capability of Sham and osteoporotic donor-derived MSCs. (A,B) ELISA analysis of serum levels of inflammation markers TNF-α (A) and IFN-γ (B). (C,D) Representative images (C) and quantitative analysis (D) of T-cell apoptosis induced by MSCs. MSCs were used at the 1^st passage, and stimulated T cells were either cultured without MSCs or directly added onto MSCs for 6 h. The apoptotic rate of T cells was calculated by percentages of early apoptotic (FITC⁺PI^-) plus late apoptotic/necrotic (FITC⁺PI⁺) cells. (E,F) ELISA analysis of TNF-α (E) and IFN-γ (F) in media from T cells cultured or co-cultured with MSCs. n = 6 per group. Data are shown as mean ± SD. ***P < 0.001. NS, not significant (P > 0.05). Data were analysed using ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls post-hoc tests.