Table 1.
Sample Demographic Characteristics and Dependent Coverage
| Individual Level Characteristics | Total (%) | Dependent Coverage | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median Age (years) at Exit | % Exiting ≤19 years† | ||
| Total N (%) | 131,542 | 20.5 | 44.1% |
| Time Invariant Characteristics | |||
| State of residence | ** | ** | |
| Massachusetts | 87.6% | 20.7 | 42.4% |
| Maine/New Hampshire | 12.4% | 19.3 | 61.5% |
| Sex | ** | ** | |
| Male | 50.8% | 20.1 | 48.3% |
| Female | 49.2% | 21.1 | 39.5% |
| Chronic condition status | ** | ** | |
| Complex chronic | 7.9% | 20.2 | 47.9% |
| Noncomplex chronic | 20.4% | 20.1 | 48.1% |
| No conditions | 71.7% | 20.6 | 42.7% |
| Neighborhood poverty | ** | ** | |
| >20% in poverty | 5.2% | 19.5 | 55.4% |
| ≤20% in poverty | 93.5% | 20.6 | 43.2% |
| Unknown | 1.3% | 20.0 | 48.9% |
| Time Variant Characteristics (measured at outcome/censoring) | |||
| Reform period | ** | ** | |
| Prereform | 34.9% | 19.8 | 51.9% |
| Poststate reform | 19.9% | 21.8 | 33.7% |
| Postfederal reform | 45.2% | 23.0 | 24.2% |
| Family contract type | ** | ||
| Multiple children/dependents | 98.2% | 20.5 | 43.7% |
| Single child/dependent | 1.8% | 19.4 | 60.1% |
| Provider network | * | ** | |
| HMO/Tiered network plan | 77.9% | 20.6 | 43.4% |
| PPO/POS plan | 22.1% | 20.3 | 46.7% |
| Coverage source | ** | ** | |
| Employer sponsored | 92.9% | 20.4 | 44.7% |
| Other | 7.1% | 21.8 | 33.1% |
| Deductible‡ | ** | ** | |
| None | 71.3% | 20.6 | 42.7% |
| Low | 13.9% | 21.2 | 42.4% |
| High | 12.4% | 20.8 | 42.2% |
| Unknown | 2.4% | 19.1 | 81.4% |
Data are from Harvard Pilgrim Health Care enrollment files during 2000–2012.
**p < .001; *p < .05.
†Percent (unadjusted) of youth who exited dependent insurance coverage at or prior to turning 19 among all youth who lost dependent coverage (while their family remained insured).
‡High‐deductible plans were defined as those with an annual deductible of $1,000 or more per individual.