Table 2.

Correlation between DNA methylation status (“one upward convex pattern” vs “two upward convex pattern”) and clinicopathological parameters of clear cell renal cell carcinomas

Clinicopathological parameters	One upward convex pattern (n = 82)	Two upward convex pattern (n = 16)	P
Age	61.93 ± 10.33	67.38 ± 10.89	7.93 × 10−2 b
Sex
Male	56	13	3.80 × 10−1 c
Female	26	3
Tumor diameter (cm)	5.17 ± 3.24	8.69 ± 2.75	1.36 × 10−4 b , a
Macroscopic configuration
Type 1	32	2	2.51 × 10−3 c , a
Type 2	27	2
Type 3	23	12
Predominant histological gradesd
G1	42	2	1.12 × 10−4 c , a
G2	32	5
G3	7	7
G4	1	2
Highest histological gradese
G1	7	0	4.91 × 10−3 c , a
G2	39	2
G3	21	5
G4	15	9
Vascular involvement
Negative	48	2	8.03 × 10−4 c , a
Positive	34	14
Renal vein tumor thrombi
Negative	64	5	4.62 × 10−4 c , a
Positive	18	11
Predominant growth patternd
Expansive	76	9	8.15 × 10−4 c , a
Infiltrative	6	7
Most aggressive growth patterne
Expansive	54	5	2.39 × 10−3 c , a
Infiltrative	28	11
Tumor necrosis
Negative	63	4	1.25 × 10−4 c , a
Positive	19	12
Invasion to renal pelvis
Negative	76	12	5.51 × 10−2 c
Positive	6	4
Pathological Tumor‐Node‐Metastasis stage
Stage I	46	0	1.09 × 10−5 c , a
Stage II	2	2
Stage III	19	5
Stage IV	15	9

^a P‐values of <.05.

^bWilcoxon rank sum test.

^cFisher's exact test.

^dIf the tumor showed heterogeneity, findings in the predominant area were described.

^eIf the tumor showed heterogeneity, the most aggressive features of the tumor were described.