Table 1.
Descriptive baseline data of dogs in pulse dose cohort, daily dose cohort, and all dogs combined
| Variable | Pulse cohort | Daily cohort | All dogs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of dogs | 17 | 21 | 38 |
| Median age (years) | 9 (range 5–16) | 9 (range 4–12) | 9 (range 4–16) |
| Sex | |||
| Male intact | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| Male neutered | 8 | 12 | 20 |
| Female intact | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Female spayed | 8 | 6 | 14 |
| Female: Male | 0.9:1 | 0.4:1 | 0.6:1 |
| Presenting clinical signs | |||
| Lethargy/weakness | 5 | 15 | 20/38 (53%) |
| Polyuria/polydipsia | 8 | 6 | 14/38 (37%) |
| Inappetence | 3 | 12 | 15/38 (39%) |
| Weight loss | 5 | 7 | 12/38 (32%) |
| Ocular abnormalities | 4 | 3 | 7/38 (18%) |
| Lameness/pain | 3 | 3 | 6/38 (16%) |
| Nausea/vomiting | 2 | 4 | 6/38 (16%) |
| Bleeding diathesis | 2 | 3 | 5/38 (13%) |
| Diarrhea | 3 | 0 | 3/38 (8%) |
| Paraparesis | 1 | 2 | 3/38 (8%) |
| Fever | 2 | 1 | 3/38 (8%) |
| Vision loss | 2 | 1 | 3/38 (8%) |
| Peripheral lymphadenopathy | 1 | 1 | 2/38 (5%) |
| Cutaneous lesions | 1 | 1 | 2/38 (5%) |
| CNS abnormalities a | 1 | 0 | 1/38 (3%) |
| Presenting clinicopathologic abnormalities | |||
| Bone marrow plasmacytosis b | 12 | 13 | 25/27 (93%) |
| Hyperglobulinemia | 14 | 20 | 34/38 (90%) |
| Proteinuria | 10 | 12 | 22/38 (58%) |
| Hypercalcemia c | 9 | 10 | 19/38 (50%) |
| Hypoalbuminemia | 10 | 9 | 19/38 (50%) |
| Osteolytic lesions d | 7 | 9 | 16/38 (42%) |
| Abdominal organ involvement e | 9 | 7 | 16/28 (57%) |
| Spleen | 8 | 6 | 14/16 (88%) |
| Liver | 3 | 2 | 5/16 (31%) |
| Jejunal lymph node | 0 | 1 | 1/16 (6%) |
| Hyperviscosity syndrome f | 6 | 6 | 12/38 (32%) |
| Renal disease g | 5 | 4 | 9/38 (24%) |
| IRIS AKI grade I h | 1 | 2 | 3/8 (38%) |
| IRIS AKI grade II h | 1 | 2 | 3/8 (38%) |
| IRIS AKI grade III h | 2 | 0 | 2/8 (25%) |
| Circulating plasma cells | 1 | 0 | 1/38 (3%) |
| Cytopenias i | 10 | 16 | 26/38 (68%) |
| Anemia | 8 | 10 | 18/38 (47%) |
| 1 | 6 | 8 | 14/18 (78%) |
| 2 | 2 | 2 | 4/18 (22%) |
| 3 | 0 | 0 | 0/18 (0%) |
| 4 | 0 | 0 | 0/18 (0%) |
| Neutropenia | 3 | 1 | 4/38 (11%) |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 1/4 (25%) |
| 2 | 1 | 0 | 1/4 (25%) |
| 3 | 2 | 0 | 2/4 (50%) |
| 4 | 0 | 0 | 0/4 (0%) |
| Thrombocytopenia | 7 | 10 | 17/38 (45%) |
| 1 | 0 | 5 | 5/14 (36%) |
| 2 | 6 | 0 | 6/14 (43%) |
| 3 | 0 | 3 | 3/14 (21%) |
| 4 | 1 | 2 | 3/14 (21%) |
| Pathologic fracture | 0 | 2 | 2/38 (5%) |
| Hypertension | 6 | 6 | 12/38 (32%) |
| Increased M component | 14 | 17 | 31/31 (100%) |
| Monoclonal | 12 | 13 | 25/31 (81%) |
| Biclonal | 2 | 4 | 6/31 (19%) |
| IgA | 2 | 9 | 11/14 (79%) |
| IgG | 1 | 2 | 3/14 (21%) |
aDogs with abnormal mentation, cranial nerve deficits or seizure activity were categorized as having CNS abnormalities.
bBone marrow plasmacytosis was defined as plasma cells representing >10% of the marrow population.
cHypercalcemia was based on ionized calcium values above the normal reference range.
dOsteolytic lesions were based on radiographic findings of discrete radiolucent lytic lesions, diffuse osteopenia, or a combination of both.
eAbdominal organ involvement was based on cytologically or histologically confirmed neoplastic plasma cells.
fDogs were considered to have hyperviscosity syndrome if they had one or more of the following clinical abnormalities: bleeding diathesis (including epistaxis, petechiae, ecchymosis, or gingival bleeding), neurologic signs (including dementia, lethargicness, seizure activity, or coma) and ocular abnormalities (including dilated and tortuous retinal vessels, retinal hemorrhage, or retinal detachment).
gRenal disease was defined as blood urea nitrogen and creatinine above the upper limit of the reference range with concurrent USG <1.030.
hDogs with renal disease were retrospectively graded according to the IRIS Grading of AKI (2016), based solely on creatinine level. Only 8 dogs were graded, as 1 of the 9 dogs with renal disease had only increased BUN (and not creatinine) reported.
iHighest grade reported for each dog.