Figure 1.

The map shows the sampling locations of forest elephants. Abbreviations are as follows: DS—Dzanga Sangha, Central African Republic; OD—Odzala, Republic of Congo; BF—Bili Forest, Democratic Republic of Congo; LO‐Lope, Gabon; and SL—Sierra Leone (one zoo individual). GR—Garamba in Democratic Republic of Congo is located in the Guinea–Congolian/Sudanian transition zone of vegetation (Olson et al., 2001) that historically included a mixture of forest and secondary grasslands suitable for both African elephant species (Groves & Grubb, 2000)