Table 1.
Characteristics of children participating with data on psychopathology in the Danish High Risk and Resilience Study ‐ VIA 7 and their biological parents
| FHR‐SZ | FHR‐BP | PBC | p | Pairwise comparisons | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FHR‐SZ vs. PBC | FHR‐BP vs. PBC | FHR‐BP vs. FHR‐SZ | |||||
| Children (N=519) | (N=200) | (N=119) | (N=200) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Female, N (%) | 92 (46.0) | 55 (46.2) | 93 (46.5) | 0.995 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Age at inclusion, years, mean±SD | 7.8 ± 0.2 | 7.9 ± 0.2 | 7.8 ± 0.2 | 0.096 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Two ill parents, N (%) | 8 (4.0) | 1 (0.8) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Child's home environment | |||||||
| Living with both biological parents, N (%) | 80 (40.0) | 62 (52.1) | 169 (84.5) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.035 |
| Living out of home, N (%) | 11 (5.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | <0.001 | 0.003 | 0.440 | 0.009 |
| Living with index parent, N (%) | 122 (61.0) | 83 (69.7) | 189 (94.5) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.115 |
| Living with a single parent, N (%) | 75 (37.5) | 39 (32.8) | 21 (10.6) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.394 |
| PSP primary caregiver, mean±SD | 73.1 ± 14.0 | 74.5 ± 14.1 | 84.4 ± 9.1 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.346 |
| Index parents (N=517) | (N=198) | (N=115) | (N=204) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Female, N (%) | 110 (55.6) | 63 (54.8) | 115 (56.4) | 0.962 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Age at child's birth, years, mean±SD | 30.1 ± 6.0 | 33.1 ± 7.0 | 32.8 ± 4.8 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.673 | <0.0001 |
| PSP, mean±SD | 66.3 ± 15.6 | 68.9 ± 14.1 | 84.3 ± 9.9 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.115 |
| Employed or studying, N (%) | 92 (49.5) | 60 (55.6) | 185 (92.0) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.313 |
| Education | |||||||
| Primary/lower secondary, N (%) | 54 (30.5) | 10 (9.3) | 8 (4.1) | ||||
| Upper secondary, vocational, short‐cycle tertiary, N (%) | 75 (42.4) | 44 (40.7) | 95 (48.2) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.930 | <0.0001 |
| Bachelor degree, equivalent or higher, N (%) | 48 (27.1) | 54 (50.0) | 94 (47.7) | ||||
| Biological non‐index parents (N=489) | (N=184) | (N=113) | (N=192) | ||||
| Female, N (%) | 81 (44.0) | 51 (45.1) | 83 (43.2) | 0.949 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Age at child's birth, years, mean±SD | 30.9 ± 6.4 | 33.1 ± 5.4 | 33.0 ± 4.3 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.856 | <0.001 |
| PSP, mean±SD | 76.4 ± 14.3 | 81.8 ± 13.1 | 85.5 ± 8.4 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.013 | <0.001 |
| Employed or studying, N (%) | 133 (75.6) | 93 (86.1) | 179 (95.2) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.006 | 0.032 |
| Education | |||||||
| Primary/lower secondary, N (%) | 30 (17.1) | 5 (4.8) | 10 (5.3) | ||||
| Upper secondary, vocational, short‐cycle tertiary, N (%) | 86 (49.1) | 44 (41.9) | 89 (47.6) | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.310 | <0.001 |
| Bachelor degree, equivalent or higher, N (%) | 59 (33.7) | 56 (53.3) | 88 (47.1) | ||||
Index parents refer to the biological parents with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum psychosis or bipolar disorder. FHR‐SZ – children with familial high risk for schizophrenia spectrum psychosis, FHR‐BP – children with familial high risk for bipolar disorder, PBC – population‐based controls, PSP – Personal and Social Performance Scale