Table 3.
Estimated means and percentage differences adjusted for child's gender between familial high risk groups on CBCL, TRF, TOF, STAI‐CH and CGAS total and broad‐band scores
| FHR‐SZ | FHR‐BP | PBC | Estimated differences in percentage (95% CI) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test (informant) | N | Mean (95% CI) | N | Mean (95% CI) | N | Mean (95% CI) | FHR‐SZ vs. PBC | FHR‐BP vs. PBC | FHR‐SZ vs. FHR‐BP |
| CBCL (caregiver) | |||||||||
| Total | 192 | 27.2 (24.4‐30.3) | 111 | 23.4 (20.2‐27.0) | 191 | 17.0 (15.1‐19.1) | 59.9% (36.4‐87.5)**** | 37.6% (14.2‐65.8)*** | 16.2% (– 3.0 to 39.2) |
| Internalizing | 194 | 6.6 (5.9‐7.4) | 110 | 6.6 (5.7‐7.7) | 191 | 4.9 (4.3‐5.5) | 35.4% (13.8‐61.2)*** | 36.0% (11.2‐66.3)** | −0.4% (– 17.9 to 20.9) |
| Externalizing | 193 | 7.8 (6.8‐8.8) | 111 | 6.1 (5.1‐7.3) | 191 | 4.1 (3.5‐4.8) | 90.4% (56.1‐132.3)**** | 50.9% (19.3‐90.9)*** | 26.2% (1.5‐56.9) * |
| TRF (teacher) | |||||||||
| Total | 167 | 26.2 (22.7‐30.2) | 103 | 20.0 (16.5‐24.2) | 166 | 14.7 (12.5‐17.2) | 78.3% (43.9‐120.9)**** | 36.2% (6.2‐74.7) * | 30.9% (3.2‐66.1) * |
| Internalizing | 168 | 5.7 (4.9‐6.6) | 103 | 5.5 (4.6‐6.7) | 167 | 3.7 (3.1‐4.3) | 56.0% (25.1‐94.7)**** | 50.6% (17.1‐93.6)** | 3.6% (– 18.3 to 31.5) |
| Externalizing | 168 | 6.5 (5.3‐7.9) | 103 | 4.5 (3.4‐5.9) | 167 | 3.0 (2.4‐3.8) | 113.3% (56.2‐191.4)**** | 47.3% (1.9‐112.8) * | 44.9% (2.7‐104.3) * |
| TOF (tester) | |||||||||
| Total | 194 | 34.9 (30.7‐39.7) | 116 | 24.9 (20.9‐29.8) | 190 | 25.0 (21.8‐28.7) | 39.4% (15.6‐68.1)*** | −0.4% (–20.3 to 24.5) | 39.9% (12.6‐73.8)** |
| Internalizing | 194 | 7.6 (6.5‐8.9) | 116 | 5.7 (4.6‐7.1) | 190 | 4.9 (4.1‐5.9) | 53.7% (21.8‐93.9)*** | 15.3% (–12.7 to 52.1) | 33.4% (2.5‐73.6) * |
| Externalizing | 194 | 13.2 (11.2‐15.6) | 116 | 8.0 (6.3‐10.1) | 190 | 9.0 (7.5‐10.9) | 46.4% (14.5‐87.0)** | −12.0% (–34.9 to 19.0) | 66.2% (24.3‐122.4)*** |
| STAI‐CH (child) | |||||||||
| State‐Anxiety | 193 | 8.1 (7.5‐8.8) | 117 | 7.2 (6.5‐7.9) | 195 | 6.9 (6.4‐7.5) | 17.2% (5.2‐30.6)** | 3.2% (– 9.2 to 17.3) | 13.6% (0.2‐28.7) * |
| Trait‐Anxiety | 190 | 12.6 (11.5‐13.7) | 116 | 12.2 (10.9‐13.6) | 194 | 10.4 (9.5‐11.4) | 20.9% (6.9‐36.6)** | 17.4% (2.0‐35.1) * | 3.0% (– 10.3 to 18.2) |
| CGAS | 199 | 68.2 (66.3‐70.2) | 118 | 73.7 (71.2‐76.3) | 197 | 77.9 (75.9‐79.9) | −12.4% (–15.7 to −8.9)**** | −5.4% (–9.4 to – 1.2) * | −7.4% (–11.5 to – 3.1)*** |
FHR‐SZ – children with familial high risk for schizophrenia spectrum psychosis, FHR‐BP – children with familial high risk for bipolar disorder, PBC – population‐based controls, CI – confidence interval, CBCL – Child Behavior Checklist school‐age version, TRF – Teacher's Report Form, TOF – Test Observation Form, STAI‐CH – State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, CGAS – Children's Global Assessment Scale
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01,***p < 0.001,****p < 0.0001