Table 1.
Characteristics of women with diabetes (cases) and without diabetes (controls), stratified by ethnicity
| AA | HA | EA | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Characteristic | Cases | Controls | P-value | Cases | Controls | P-value | Cases | Controls | P-value |
| n | 1,973 | 6,263 | 615 | 2,882 | 1,020 | 2,127 | |||
|
| |||||||||
| Age, years | 62.2 (6.8) | 61.4 (7.1) | <0.001 | 60.4 (6.7) | 60.2 (6.7) | 0.66 | 64.0 (6.9) | 65.6 (6.9) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 33.1 (6.5) | 30.3 (6.2) | <0.001 | 31.5 (5.8) | 28.3 (5.3) | <0.001 | 32.5 (6.2) | 28.5 (5.9) | <0.001 |
| Family history of diabetes, % | 63.0 | 41.2 | <0.001 | 62.3 | 38.6 | <0.001 | 51.8 | 30.4 | <0.001 |
| Current smoker, % | 11.7 | 11.6 | 0.29 | 7.8 | 6.7 | 0.43 | 10.0 | 10.4 | 0.74 |
| Alcohol intake, servings/week | 0.7 (5.0) | 1.2 (4.2) | <0.001 | 0.6 (4.6) | 1.4 (3.6) | <0.001 | 1.5 (3.7) | 2.5 (5.2) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity* | 8.0 (11.1) | 10.2 (13.1) | <0.001 | 8.5 (12.4) | 11.2 (14.0) | <0.001 | 8.7 (11.7) | 11.2 (13.1) | <0.001 |
| Ever PMH therapy users, % | 49.0 | 55.0 | <0.001 | 52.0 | 63.2 | <0.001 | 37.5 | 36.9 | 0.79 |
Data were obtained from the Women’s Health Initiative and are presented as mean (standard deviation) or frequencies.
The chi-square test and Student’s t-test were used for comparisons of proportions and means between cases and controls.
Abbreviations: AA = African American; HA = Hispanic American; EA = European American; BMI = body mass index; MET = metabolic equivalent; PMH = postmenopausal hormone.
*
Total energy expenditure from recreational physical activities including walking and mild, moderate, or strenuous physical activity (MET-hours/week)