TABLE 3.

Validated Assessment Tools to Screen and Monitor for Aberrant Drug-Related Behaviors³⁸

Assessment Tool	Purpose and Administration	Validation	Concordance Index/Sensitivity and Specificity
Screener and Opioid Assessment Measure for Patients with Pain – Revised (SOAPP-R)	Assess the risk of opioid abuse in patients with chronic pain	Adult patients, nonmalignant pain	≥ 17 / sensitivity: 0.83; specificity: 0.65
	Self-report rating scalesa	Strong predictive validity, reliability, and internal consistency	≥ 18 / sensitivity: 0.81; specificity: 0.68
			≥ 19 / sensitivity: 0.77; specificity: 0.75
Opioid Risk Tool (ORT)	Assess risk of aberrant behaviors when introduced to opioid therapy	Adult patients, nonmalignant pain	Concordance index considers sensitivity and specificity For men, c=0.82 For women, c=0.85
	Self-report checklista
Pain Medication Questionnaire (PMQ)	Assess the risk of opioid misuse	Adult patients, nonmalignant pain	≥ 25 / Sensitivity: 0.36; specificity: 0.78
	Intended for use at start and throughout opioid therapy	Evidence of construct and concurrent validity	≥ 30 / Sensitivity: 0.92; specificity: 0.80
	Self-report rating scalea,b	Acceptable reliability, strong test-retest reliability
Prescription Drug Use Questionnaire (PDUQ)	Identify opioid abuse/dependence in patients with chronic pain	Adult patients, nonmalignant pain	≥ 20 / Sensitivity: 0.67; specificity: 0.60
		Moderate reliability
	Interview format and self-report questionnaire availablea,b	Strong concurrent and predictive validity
Addiction Behavior Checklist (ABC)	Long-term tracking of behaviors consistent with opioid abuse	Veteran population, chronic nonmalignant pain	≥ 3 / Sensitivity: 0.87; specificity: 0.86
	Interview format incorporating observational datab	Strong interrater reliability and concurrent validity
Current Opioid Misuse Measure (COMM)	Monitor aberrant medication-related behaviors for patients already on long-term opioid therapy	Adult population, chronic nonmalignant pain	≥ 9 / Sensitivity: 0.77; specificity 0.66
	Self-report rating scaleb	Strong internal consistency and test-retest reliability
		Evidence of concurrent and predictive validity

^aTool to be used as a screener, before long-term opioid therapy.

^bTool to be used to monitor throughout opioid therapy.

Reprinted with permission from: Anghelescu DL, Ehrentraut JH, Faughnan LG. Opioid misuse and abuse: risk assessment and management in patients with cancer pain. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2013;11:1023-1031.³⁸