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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Nov 28.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Genet. 2018 May 28;50(6):834–848. doi: 10.1038/s41588-018-0127-7

Table 2.

Genetic correlation for refractive error between Europeans and East Asians

Sample 1 Sample 2 Genetic effect correlation (pge) a Standard error pge P value pge Genetic impact correlation (pgi) a Standard error pgi P value pgi
EUR CREAM EAS CREAM 0.804 0.041 1.83E-06 0.888 0.061 0.065
EUR 23andMe EAS CREAM 0.788 0.041 2.48E-07 0.865 0.054 0.014

Abbreviations: EUR, European; EAS, East Asian.

a

P-value relates to a test of the null hypothesis that pge=1 or pgi=1.

We calculated the genetic correlation of effect (pge) and impact (pgi) using Popcorn to compare the genetic associations between Europeans (CREAM-EUR, N= 44,192; 23andMe, N=104,292) and East Asians (CREAM-ASN, N= 9,826). Reference panels for Popcorn were constructed using genotype data for 503 EUR and 504 EAS individuals sequenced as part of the 1000 Genomes Project. SNPs used had a MAF of at least 5% in both populations, resulting in a final set of 3,625,602SNPs for the analyses using the 23andMe GWAS sample and 3,642,928 SNPs for those using the CREAM-EUR sample. These findings support a largely common genetic predisposition to refractive error and myopia in Europeans and Asians, although ancestry-specific risk alleles may exist.