Figure 1.

Data extraction algorithms for statewide and urban academic hospital ED, Colorado 2012–2014. ^aICD-9-CM codes of accidental poisoning by psychodysleptics (E854.1), poisoning by psychodysleptics (969.6), nondependent cannabis abuse (codes 305.20–305.23), and cannabis dependence (codes 304.30–304.33). ^bMental health–related ICD-9-CM code in the primary diagnosis specific for schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders; suicide and intentional self-infiicted injury; mood disorders; personality disorders; impulse control disorders; adjustment disorders; developmental disorders; attention deficit, conduct, and disruptive behavior disorders; screening and history of mental health and substance abuse codes; anxiety disorders; miscellaneous mental disorders; disorders usually diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence; and delirium, dementia, and amnestic and other cognitive disorders. ^cSee Table 1 for numbers. ^dMental health–related ICD-9-CM code in the primary diagnosis, excluding substance use– and alcohol use–related codes. ^eCannabis involvement was determined by chart review for participating or contributing to the condition bringing the patient to the ED. ^fPsychiatric visits were determined by manual chart review and included acute depression, anxiety, panic attacks, psychosis, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, bipolar and other mood disorders. ICD-9-CM = International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification.