Systemic immune responses to CPPTat-JDlys in the mouse model. Supernatants from lesion homogenates were collected at different time points after treatment and assayed for TNF-α (A) and IL-6 (B) by ELISA. Three mice (two lesions per mouse) per group were sacrificed at each time point. Uninfected mice treated with JDlys, CPPTat-JDlys, and PBS were used to represent the CPPTat-JDlys, JDlys, and PBS control groups, respectively. Infected mice treated with PBS served as the medium-treated group. *, time points when the cytokine levels in lesions treated with CPPTat-JDlys were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those in lesions treated with the medium buffer. The data shown are means ± SEMs from at least three independent experiments.