Table 2.
TE characteristics
| All TE | CSVT | PE | Supradiaphragmatic TE* | Infradiaphragmatic TE* | Multiple sites | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Types of TE, N (%) | 137 | 31 (23) | 20 (15) | 44 (32) | 25 (18) | 17 (12) |
| Venous/arterial/unknown origin | 126 (92)/2 (1)/9 (7) | 31 (100)/0/0 | 20 (100)/0/0 | 42 (95)/0/2 (5) | 16 (64)/2 (8)†/7 (28) | 17 (100)/0/0 |
| Median age (IQR), y | 15.6 (6.4-21.5) | 11.1 (5.2-16.8) | 22.4 (12.6-28.4) | 13.8 (5.4-19.3) | 16.0 (12.2-19.0) | 17.6 (12.9-31.1) |
| Median time to TE from ALL diagnosis (range), d | 80 (1-799) | 51 (16-799) | 66 (14-636) | 105 (21-391) | 70 (1-246) | 85 (37-198) |
| Diagnostic methods, N (%) | ||||||
| ULS | 50 (36) | 0 | 0 | 27 (61) | 20 (80) | 3 (18) |
| MRI and/or CT | 58 (42) | 30 (97) | 18 (90) | 4 (9) | 2 (8) | 4 (24) |
| TTE | 3 (2) | 0 | 0 | 3 (7) | 0 | 0 |
| Angiography | 2 (1) | 0 | 0 | 2 (5) | 0 | 0 |
| ULS + MRI and/or CT | 16 (12) | 0 | 0 | 4 (9) | 3 (12) | 9 (53) |
| ULS + MRI + angiography | 1 (1) | 0 | 0 | 1 (2) | 0 | 0 |
| ULS + chest X-ray + angiography | 1 (1) | 0 | 0 | 1 (2) | 0 | 0 |
| ULS + angiography | 1 (1) | 0 | 0 | 1 (2) | 0 | 0 |
| ULS + V/Q scan | 1 (1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (6) |
| Angiography + TTE | 1 (1) | 0 | 0 | 1 (2) | 0 | 0 |
| Autopsy | 3 (2) | 1 (3) | 2 (10) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Symptomatic/asymptomatic TE, N (%) | 126 (92)/11 (8) | 31 (100)/0 | 17 (85)/3 (15) | 37 (84)/7 (16) | 24 (96)/1 (4) | 17 (100)/0 |
| CVL-related‡ | 44 (32)/7 (5) | — | — | 34 (77)/7 (16) | 6 (24)/0 | 4 (24)/0 |
| Median time to TE after last CVL insertion (IQR), d | 61 (34-108) | — | — | 69 (40-109) | 60 (24-106) | 47 (28-125) |
| Infection, N (%) | 57 (42) | 6 (19) | 11 (55) | 17 (39) | 13 (52) | 10 (59) |
| Positive blood culture§ | 18 (13) | 1 (3) | 4 (20) | 5 (11) | 3 (12) | 5 (29) |
CSVT, cerebral sinus venous thrombosis; PE, pulmonary embolism; TTE, transthoracic echocardiography; ULS, ultrasonography; V/Q scan, ventilation/perfusion scan.
*
Supra- and infra-diaphragmatic TE are defined as deep venous thrombosis occurring at any site in the upper and lower venous system, respectively.
†
Both venous and arterial TE in 1 case
‡
CVL-related is defined as a possible relation between the site of CVL and the development of TE. Information not available in 1 patient.
§
The causative agent was from the Candida genus (N=1), Pseudomonas genus (N=1), and unknown (N=16).