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. 2018 May 25;9:1055. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01055

Table 1.

Effect of feeding steers extruded flaxseed (linPRO-R™) and hay together as a total mixed ration (TMR), or sequentially (non-TMR) on fatty acid profiles of subcutaneous fat (% of total fatty acids).

Fatty acidc TMR Non-TMR SEMa P-valueb
∑ PUFA 2.21 2.42 0.049 0.004
∑ n6-PUFA 1.17 1.20 0.019 0.26
C18:2n-6 1.13 1.16 0.018 0.27
C20:3n-6 0.03 0.03 0.002 0.52
C20:4n-6 0.020 0.017 0.001 0.06
∑ n3-PUFA 1.04 1.23 0.032 <0.001
C18:3n-3 0.91 1.07 0.029 <0.001
C20:3n-3 0.03 0.04 0.002 0.09
C20:4n-3 0.04 0.05 0.003 0.03
C22:5n-3 0.06 0.06 0.005 0.91
∑ CLnA 0.52 0.86 0.032 0.002
c9,t11,t15-18:3 0.25 0.36 0.011 0.002
c9,t11,c15-18:3 0.27 0.49 0.023 0.002
∑ CLA 2.64 3.78 0.119 0.003
t7,c9-18:2 0.11 0.10 0.003 0.07
c9,t11-18:2 1.91 2.69 0.103 0.006
t11,c13-18:2 0.37 0.77 0.022 <0.001
t11,t13-18:2 0.12 0.11 0.008 0.60
t,t-CLA 0.13 0.11 0.004 0.07
∑ AD 4.15 4.33 0.085 0.14
t11,t15-18:2 0.31 0.43 0.017 <0.001
t9,t12-18:2 0.06 0.05 0.002 0.03
c9,t14-18:2 0.38 0.29 0.007 <0.001
c9,t13-18:2 0.50 0.42 0.009 <0.001
c9,t15-18:2 0.39 0.26 0.009 <0.001
c9,t12-18:2 0.13 0.10 0.004 0.006
t9,c12-18:2 0.13 0.16 0.004 <0.001
t11,c15-18:2 1.87 2.45 0.059 <0.001
c9,c15-18:2 0.18 0.11 0.005 <0.001
c12,c15-18:2 0.22 0.08 0.010 <0.001
∑trans-18:1 9.37 10.30 0.300 0.04
t4-18:1 0.02 0.02 0.002 0.20
t5-18:1 0.02 0.02 0.002 0.41
t6-t8-18:1 0.50 0.47 0.016 0.18
t9-18:1 0.49 0.47 0.011 0.08
t10-18:1 0.59 0.57 0.014 0.43
t11-18:1 4.92 6.82 0.202 <0.001
t12-18:1 0.59 0.42 0.018 0.003
t13-t14-18:1 1.31 0.94 0.058 0.01
t15-18:1 0.46 0.29 0.023 0.006
t16-18:1 0.46 0.29 0.019 0.003
∑cis-MUFA 41.0 38.8 0.658 0.02
c9-14:1 1.37 1.29 0.094 0.57
c7-16:1 0.14 0.14 0.003 0.83
c9-16:1 3.85 4.01 0.218 0.60
c10-16:1 0.23 0.22 0.020 0.74
c11-16:1 0.029 0.026 0.002 0.28
c9-17:1 0.61 0.60 0.020 0.57
c9-18:1 31.9 30.0 0.387 0.002
c11-18:1 1.075 1.18 0.044 0.09
c12-18:1 0.49 0.25 0.012 <0.001
c13-18:1 0.38 0.34 0.021 0.22
c14-18:1 0.08 0.06 0.003 0.003
c15-18:1 0.52 0.33 0.019 <0.001
c16-18:1 0.08 0.05 0.003 0.002
c9-20:1 0.12 0.11 0.003 0.30
c11-20:1 0.182 0.182 0.006 0.95
∑ BCFA 1.86 1.81 0.029 0.22
iso-14:0 0.081 0.076 0.003 0.12
iso-15:0 0.23 0.22 0.005 0.18
anteiso-15:0 0.25 0.24 0.007 0.19
iso-16:0 0.27 0.25 0.007 0.17
iso-17:0 0.34 0.34 0.005 0.75
anteiso-17:0 0.57 0.57 0.007 0.88
iso-18:0 0.12 0.12 0.004 0.29
∑ SFA 37.6 37.1 0.519 0.483
10:0 0.04 0.04 0.002 0.261
12:0 0.08 0.08 0.003 0.297
14:0 3.48 3.68 0.116 0.235
15:0 0.54 0.49 0.020 0.125
16:0 22.0 22.5 0.306 0.384
17:0 0.72 0.68 0.031 0.494
18:0 10.5 9.4 0.321 0.046
19:0 0.13 0.13 0.004 0.775
20:0 0.09 0.09 0.005 0.739
22:0 0.03 0.03 0.003 0.686
a

Standard error of mean.

b

P < 0.05 indicates a significant difference between TMR and Non-TMR. cc, cis; t, trans; Σ PUFA, sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids (Σ n-6 + Σ n-3); Σ n-3 = sum of 18:3n-3, 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3; Σ n-6 = sum of 18:2n-6, 20:3n-6, 20:4n-6; ΣCLnA = sum of conjugated linolenic acids (c9,t11,t15-18:3, c9,t11,c15-18:3); Σ CLA = sum of conjugated linoleic acids (t12,t14-, t11,t13-, t10,t12-, t9,t11-, t8,t10-, t7,t9- t6,t8-, c9,t11-, t7,c9-, t11,c13-18:2); Σ AD = sum of atypical 18:2 (t11,t15-, c9,t14-/c9,t13-, c9,t15-, c9,t12-, t9,c12-, t11,c15-, c9,c15-, c12,c15-18:2); Σ t-18:1 = sum of trans-18:1 isomers (t6-, t7-,t8-, t9-, t10-, t11-, t12-, t13-, t14-, t15-, t16-18:1); Σc-MUFA = sum of cis-monounsaturated fatty acids (c9-14:1, c7-16:1, c9-16:1, c11-16:1, c9-17:1, c9-18:1, c11-18:1, c12-18:1, c13-18:1, c14-18:1, c15-18:1, c16-18:1, c9-20:1, c11-20:1); Σ BCFA = sum of branched chain fatty acids (iso-15:0, anteiso15:0, iso16, iso17:0, anteiso17:0, iso18:0); Σ SFA = sum of saturated fatty acids (14:0, 15:0, 16:0, 17:0, 18:0, 19:0, 20:0, 22:0, 24:0).