Table 1.

Diagnostic criteria for functional constipation [2]

1. Must include two or more of the following:

a. Straining during more than one-fourth (25%) of defecations

b. Lumpy or hard stools (BSFS 1”2) more than one-fourth (25%) of defecations

c. Sensation of incomplete evacuation more than one-fourth (25%) of defecations

d. Sensation of anorectal obstruction/blockage more than one-fourth (25%) of defecations

e. Manual maneuvers to facilitate more than one fourth (25%) of defecations (e.g., digital evacuation, support of the pelvic floor)

f. Fewer than 3 spontaneous bowel movements per week

2. Loose stools are rarely present without the use of laxatives

3. Insufficient criteria for irritable bowel syndrome

^aCriteria fulfilled for the last 3 months with symptom onset at least 6 months prior to diagnosis.