Table 2.

The health outcomes of famine exposure by the affected system.

Health Outcome Category	Examples
Metabolic	increased triacylglycerol concentration increased weight and body mass index metabolic syndrome impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus changes in dietary preferences, tendency to consuming high-fat diet osteoporosis with premature onset
Cardiovascular	ischemic heart disease cerebrovascular disease, stroke coronary artery disease with early onset increased blood pressure
Respiratory	asthma chronic obstructive pulmonary disease obstructive airways disease reduced lung function
Reproductive	impaired fecundity menstrual irregularities early onset of menopause
Neurological and psychiatric	smaller brain and intracranial volume congenital abnormalities schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum personality disorders changes in visual-motor skills, mental flexibility and selective attention
Oncologic	esophageal cancer gastric cancer colorectal cancer liver cancer breast cancer
Others	fatty liver disease increased levels of fibrinogen concentrations decreased levels of factor VII concentrations proteinuria microalbuminuria reduced creatinine clearance reduced Immunoglobulin E concentration