Table 2.

Results of univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis between log₁₀HOMA-IR and areal BMD (aBMD), volumetric BMD (vBMD), cortical bone ratio, Composite Strength Indices and blood markers.

	Unadjusted			Adjusted for LBM			Adjusted for LBM and Age
	β	p	R2	β	p	R2	β	p	R2
DXA aBMD
Femoral neck	0.054	0.604	0.003	−0.064	0.540	0.113	−0.064	0.531	0.162
Total hip	0.000	0.997	0.000	−0.096	0.365	0.075	−0.096	0.359	0.111
Lumbar spine	−0.053	0.605	0.003	−0.199	0.050	0.172	−0.199	0.049	0.189
QCT aBMD
Femoral neck
total	−0.062	0.549	0.004	−0.144	0.185	0.057	−0.144	0.177	0.097
cortical	−0.047	0.648	0.002	−0.103	0.350	0.027	−0.103	0.346	0.050
trabecular	0.008	0.942	0.000	−0.050	0.645	0.027	−0.051	0.644	0.041
Total hip
total	−0.015	0.888	0.000	−0.097	0.367	0.055	−0.098	0.358	0.095
cortical	−0.044	0.671	0.002	−0.103	0.349	0.029	−0.103	0.337	0.083
trabecular	0.086	0.410	0.007	−0.013	0.899	0.085	−0.013	0.900	0.087
QCT vBMD
Femoral neck
total	−0.046	0.659	0.002	−0.065	0.557	0.005	−0.065	0.555	0.026
cortical	0.085	0.415	0.007	0.088	0.426	0.007	0.088	0.416	0.052
trabecular	−0.019	0.855	0.000	−0.022	0.840	0.000	−0.023	0.837	0.031
cort.vol/tot.vol	−0.093	0.369	0.009	−0.114	0.301	0.012	−0.114	0.293	0.054
Total hip
total	−0.006	0.956	0.000	−0.003	0.976	0.000	−0.003	0.975	0.040
cortical	−0.049	0.636	0.002	−0.107	0.329	0.029	−0.107	0.328	0.047
trabecular	0.040	0.703	0.002	0.023	0.835	0.004	0.023	0.836	0.015
cort.vol/tot.vol	−0.070	0.500	0.005	−0.048	0.666	0.009	−0.048	0.666	0.016
L3 vertebra
trabecular	−0.140	0.175	0.020	−0.187	0.087	0.037	−0.187	0.075	0.120
Composite Strength Indices
CSI	−0.360	0.000*	0.130	−0.319	0.003*	0.143	−0.320	0.002*	0.186
BSI	−0.261	0.011*	0.068	−0.219	0.042*	0.083	−0.220	0.039*	0.112
ISI	−0.397	0.000*	0.158	−0.373	0.000*	0.162	−0.374	0.000*	0.197
Bone Turnover Markers
CTx-1	0.071	0.491	0.005	0.064	0.561	0.005	0.064	0.562	0.009
25(OH) Vitamin D3	−0.002	0.984	0.000	0.028	0.798	0.007	0.028	0.798	0.024
PTH	0.109	0.291	0.012	0.030	0.780	0.062	0.030	0.780	0.069

LBM: lean body mass, β: standardized β-coefficient, p: significance level, R²: R-squared of the model; DXA: dual X-ray absorptiometry, QCT: quantitative computed tomography, cort.vol/tot.vol: cortical to total volume ratio; CSI: compression strength index, BSI: bending strength index, ISI: impact strength index, CTx-1: C-telopeptide of Type I collagen, PTH: parathyroid hormone. * p < 0.05.