Table 2.

The effect of wastewater and freshwater on vegetable nutrients and heavy metal contents.

Nutrients and Heavy Metal	Vegetables/Crops	Concentration in Vegetables Irrigated by Fresh Water (mg/kg)	Concentration in Vegetables Irrigated by Wastewater (mg/kg)	% Decrease or Increase	Reference
N	Lettuce	39,500	42,880	8.56	[61]
	Rice	296	453	53.04	[62]
	Coriander	402	499	24.13
	Wheat	160	174	8.75	[63]
	Rice	135	142	5.185
P	Lettuce	4480	5530	23.44	[61]
	Rice	28	38	35.71	[62]
	Alfalfa	0.26	0.27	3.85	[64]
	Rice	35	45	28.57	[65]
K	Rice	1364	835	−38.78	[66]
	Rice	225	312	38.67	[62]
	Coriander	416	517	24.28
	Alfalfa	2.2	2.5	13.64	[64]
	Rice	106	230	116.98	[67]
Pb	Tomato	4.4	9.6	118.18	[68]
	Panicum	0.01	0.09	800	[69]
	Brinjal	4	14.15	253.75	[70]
	Radish	1	2.5	150	[71]
	Cypress	1.6	3.2	100	[72]
	Onion	11.2	2.7	415	[73]
	Garlic	8.15	4.94	165
	Tomato	12.7	4.45	285
	Brinjal	14.15	4.35	325
Cd	Tomato	0.03	0.04	33.33	[68]
	Maize	0.02	0.03	50	[74]
	Cypress	0.05	0.06	20	[72]
	Radish	3.4	5.1	50	[75]
	Garlic	20	30	50	[76]
	vegetables, cereal crops	3.12	1.49	209	[21]
Ni	Tomato	4.67	8.33	78.37	[68]
	Cabbage	0.77	0.88	14.29	[77]
	Tomato	1.6	5.65	253	[73]
	Brinjal	3	7.45	148
	Maize	0.62	1.12	80.65	[74]
	Lettuce	1.31	1.47	12.21	[78]
	vegetables, cereal crops	23.64	9.06	261	[21]
As	Maize	0.03	0.08	166.67	[74]
	Carrot	0.12	0.15	25	[78]
	Radish	0.49	0.5	2.04	[78]
	Radish	0.13	5	3746.15	[79]
Cr	Onion	5.05	1.05	481	[73]
	Garlic	2.6	1	260
	Tomato	6.1	6.1	No
	Brinjal	12.55	7.5	167
	vegetables, cereal crops	19.2	9.07	212	[21]
Fe	Tomato	118	220	86.44	[68]
	Onion	6.15	26.15	325.20	[73]
	Brinjal	300	370	23.33	[62]
	Sunflower	140	324	131.43	[74]
	Lettuce	510	430	−15.69	[61]