Table 2.
Evaluation of the outcome variables before and after intervention within three groups.
| Evaluation | P2P Group | P&D Group | Control Group | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Pre-test | Post-test | Pre-test | Post-test | Pre-test | Post-test |
| Self-rated health | 3.10 (0.75) | 3.38 (0.78) * | 3.31 (1.01) | 3.33 (0.91) | 2.84 (0.99) | 3.31 (1.18) * |
| Regular exercise (%) | 77.90% | 88.10% | 72.20% | 77.80% | 76.60% | 80.00% |
| Sedentary activity hours | 4.69 (3.08) | 5.03 (3.76) | 5.58 (4.58) | 4.25 (2.40) | 4.97 (2.50) | 5.73 (4.30) |
| Diet behavior and diet literacy | 30.87 (4.76) | 31.75 (4.34) | 31.95 (4.47) | 33.42 (5.16) * | 30.52 (3.75) | 32.32 (4.29) * |
| No nutrition risk (%) | 82.5% | 96.5% ** | 88.9% | 87.0% | 90.0% | 86.7% |
| Cognitive function | 22.91 (5.01) | 23.37 (5.51) | 17.94 (6.09) | 18.86 (6.08) | 17.89 (6.58) | 18.39 (5.94) |
| Depressive symptoms | 5.92 (5.06) | 5.53 (4.67) | 4.87 (5.05) | 5.04 (5.26) | 5.17 (5.91) | 5.13 (6.46) |
| Adaptation: selection | 5.05 (1.13) | 5.13 (1.13) | 4.25 (1.95) | 4.90 (1.09) ** | 4.87 (1.31) | 4.13 (1.07) ** |
| Adaptation: optimization | 5.65 (0.66) | 5.42 (0.87) | 5.33 (0.86) | 5.44 (0.98) | 5.63 (0.62) | 5.40 (0.81) |
| Adaptation: compensation | 5.22 (1.15) | 4.98 (1.24) | 5.21 (1.29) | 5.27 (1.17) | 5.23 (1.17) | 5.37 (1.16) |
| Action and positive thinking coping | 3.18 (0.64) | 3.10 (0.78) | 2.73 (0.90) | 3.00 (0.73) | 2.51 (0.96) | 2.88 (0.93) |
| Negative coping | 2.74 (0.60) | 2.37 (0.72) ** | 2.25 (0.71) | 2.51 (0.72) | 2.34 (0.75) | 2.28 (0.71) |
| Emotion-focused coping | 1.90 (0.69) | 1.77 (0.75) | 1.63 (0.70) | 1.66 (0.76) | 1.62 (0.80) | 1.53 (0.65) |
| Family social support | 9.92 (1.99) | 9.68 (1.96) | 9.85 (1.88) | 10.13 (1.93) | 9.15 (2.34) | 9.92 (1.76) |
| Friend social support | 7.69 (1.44) | 7.45 (1.50) | 8.57 (1.63) | 8.80 (1.60) | 7.68 (1.82) | 8.32 (1.49) |
| Conflict with family members | 14.3% | 4.8% | 13.0% | 4.3% | 8.3% | 8.3% |
| Use of Internet | 23.7% | 30.5% | 15.7% | 17.6% | 10.3% | 6.9% |
| Search for health information | 20.3% | 22.0% | 40.0% | 66.7% | 6.9% | 6.9% |
| Financial preparation | 61.0% | 62.7% | 58.8% | 58.8% | 31.0% | 62.1% * |
| Financial security knowledge | 27.1% | 45.8% * | 25.5% | 29.4% | 24.1% | 20.7% |
| Life satisfaction | 3.88 (0.67) | 4.02 (0.66) | 3.90 (1.05) | 4.31 (0.84) ** | 3.34 (0.23) | 3.72 (0.22) |
Note: McNemar test and paired-t test were conducted within the groups. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.