Table 6.
List of chemicals and potential exposure-response symptoms associated with emissions sources in the Newport News project study area.
| Chemical | Potential Exposure-Response Symptoms |
|---|---|
| Industry-related | |
| N-butyl alcohol | Impaired hearing and reduced vision |
| Xylene (o-xylene) | Eye damage; nausea; poor coordination |
| Sulfuric acid | Dental effects; pulmonary edema |
| 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene | Anemia; nausea; skin, eye, throat, and respiratory irritation |
| Ethylbenzene | Headaches; irritation of mucous membranes |
| Copper | Anemia; damage to lungs, liver, kidneys, and nasal septum |
| Manganese | Cough and fever; insomnia; kidney damage; weakness; back pain |
| Nickel | Sensitizing dermatitis; allergic asthma; potential carcinogen |
| Chromium | Lung fibrosis; eye and skin irritant; potential carcinogen |
| Trichloroethylene | Visual distortions; headaches; potential carcinogen in liver and kidney cells; cardiac arrhythmia |
| Zinc (zinc chloride) | Metal fever, nausea, and cough, which reduces pulmonary function; vomiting; back pain |
| Toluene | Effects on central nervous system; fatigue; sleepiness; headaches; nausea; irritation of respiratory tract, eyes, throat; dizziness; headache; pregnancy-related developmental effects, including attention deficits |
| Traffic-related | |
| Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5) | Heart attacks; irregular heartbeats; increased asthma symptoms; airway irritation; decreased lung function |
| Acetaldehyde | Eye, respiratory, and skin irritation; increased blood pressure; decreased respiratory rate |
| Acrolein | Eye, respiratory, nasal, skin irritation; respiratory congestion |
| Benzene | Drowsiness; dizziness; headaches; respiratory, skin, and eye irritation; blood disorders; leukemia; reproductive effects; known carcinogen |
| 1,3 Butadiene | Eye, nasal, respiratory irritation; cardiovascular effects; leukemia; known carcinogen |
| Formaldehyde | Respiratory irritation; coughing; sneezing; wheezing; chest pain; bronchitis; reproductive damage; known carcinogen, including lung and nasopharyngeal cancer |
| Carbon Monoxide | Reduced oxygen delivery; exacerbates cardiovascular disease and chest pain |
| Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) | Cardiovascular disease; asthma exacerbation; bronchitis; emphysema |
| Sulfur Oxides (SOX) | Bronchoconstriction; asthma exacerbation; cardiovascular disease |
| Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) | Eye, respiratory irritation; liver, kidney, and central nervous system damage is possible depending on specific chemical |