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. 2018 May 11;15(5):960. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15050960

Table 7.

List of environmental health issues and their related quantitative metrics, data sources, and potential risk reduction approaches for Newport News project.

Issue Metrics Data Sources Potential Risk-Reduction Approaches
Ports
  • -

    Increased traffic

  • -

    Air emissions from port activity

  • -

    Daily imports/exports (Goods movement)

  • -

    Before/after expansion plan

  • -

    Water quality, effluent, stormwater, coastal, drinking
  • -

    Air quality (AQ) dispersion models

  • -

    National Emissions Inventory (NEI)

  • -

    National Air Toxics Assessment (NATA)

  • -

    Ambient Air Quality Systems (AQS) data

  • -

    Prior studies

  • -

    Toxic Release Inventory (TRI)
  • -

    Connect with Port Authority

  • -

    Run AQ models to target impacted areas

  • -

    Reduce outdoor exposures during high-concentration events

  • -

    Mitigate indoor sources to reduce cumulative exposure
Coal Piles
  • -

    Coal dust pollution

  • -

    Numbers of piles

  • -

    Locations of piles

  • -

    At-risk downwind locations (e.g., schools)
  • -

    Prior studies

  • -

    Coal pier/pile surface area, locations, prevailing wind directions
Shipbuilding
  • -

    Air emissions

  • -

    Water quality near facility
  • -

    NATA, NEI, TRI
Toluene
  • -

    Ambient air concentrations

  • -

    Sources and emission volumes

  • -

    Hazardous waste sources
  • -

    NATA, NEI

  • -

    Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) sites

  • -

    Prior studies

  • -

    AQ models
  • -

    Mitigate indoor sources to reduce cumulative exposure

  • -

    Education on multi-media (e.g., soil) exposures

  • -

    Biomarker testing to estimate exposure
Interstate
  • -

    Traffic patterns and congestion

  • -

    Asthma and respiratory illnesses
  • -

    Local truck counts

  • -

    NATA, AQS

  • -

    Near-road AQ models
  • -

    Target outreach to

  • -

    Truck counts

  • -

    Emission reduction initiatives
Asthma
  • -

    Asthma incidences

  • -

    Missed days of school/work

  • -

    Hospitalizations

  • -

    Ambient air pollution
  • -

    AQS, NATA

  • -

    Near-road AQ models

  • -

    Hospital/school records
  • -

    Education and outreach on triggers and exposure reduction
Brownfields
  • -

    Decreased property values

  • -

    Increased crime rates

  • -

    Aesthetics
  • -

    Zoning records

  • -

    County reports

  • -

    Green space data

  • -

    Proximity
  • -

    Explore potential for mitigation and greenspace
Food Deserts
  • -

    Number of grocery stores

  • -

    Food stamps/school lunches

  • -

    Access to produce

  • -

    Malnutrition; BMI
  • -

    USDA food desert maps

  • -

    Public transportation to stores

 --
Wastewater Treatment Facility
  • -

    Water quality

  • -

    Air emissions

  • -

    Respiratory issues
  • -

    NEI, NATA, AQS, TRI

  • -

    Water quality records

 --
Stormwater and Sewer Line Breaks
  • -

    Infrastructure

  • -

    Water quality

 -- --
Watershed PCB Contamination
  • -

    Beach closings

  • -

    Concerns about subsistence fishing
  • -

    Prior studies

  • -

    TRI

 --
Vulnerable Populations
  • -

    Income (poverty)

  • -

    Education

  • -

    Race/Ethnicity

  • -

    Proximity

  • -

    #/Area of pollution sources

  • -

    # Children

  • -

    # Elderly
  • -

    EJ Screen
  • -

    Multi-lingual educational materials

  • -

    Engage with community leaders