ALP	Alkaline phosphatase
BMP-2/4	Bone morphogenetic protein-2/4
M-CSF	Macrophage colony stimulating factor
OPG	Osteoprotegerin
RANKL	Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand
Cbfα1	Core binding factorα1
SMAD4	Signaling effectors mothers against decapentaplegic protein 4
Wnt-signaling	Wingless-type signaling
cyclinD	Cyclin dependent
OVX	Ovariectomized
ER	Estrogen receptor
TRAP	Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
LPS	Lipopolysaccharides
IL-6/1	Interleukin-6/1
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor
COX-2	Cyclooxygenasetype-2
HIF-1α	Hypoxia inducible factor-1α
p38	Protein 38
JNK	Jun N-terminal kinase
ERK1/2	Extracellular regulated-kinases 1/2
Iκ-BαLPS	ikappa-Balpha lipopolysaccharide
MMP-9	Matrix metalloproteinase-9
Akt	Protein Kinase B
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
RANK	receptor activator of NF-κB
COL I	collagen type I
NFATc1	nuclear factor of activated T cells c1
c-Fos	Chromosome-Fos
B-lymphopoiesis	Bone marrow-lymphopoiesis
ERα/ERβ	Estrogen receptor alpha/beta
BMD	Bone mineral density
Osx	Osteoblast-specific transcription factor osterix
MDA	malondialdehyde
NO	nitric oxide
mRNA	Messenger ribonucleic acid
Dickkopf-1	DKK-1
Runx2	Runt-related transcription factor 2
PPAR-γ	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
β-catenin	Beta-cateni
MSC	Mesenchymal stem cell
EL	Eurycoma longifolia
ERT	estrogen replacement therapy