ALP |
Alkaline phosphatase |
BMP-2/4 |
Bone morphogenetic protein-2/4 |
M-CSF |
Macrophage colony stimulating factor |
OPG |
Osteoprotegerin |
RANKL |
Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand |
Cbfα1 |
Core binding factorα1 |
SMAD4 |
Signaling effectors mothers against decapentaplegic protein 4 |
Wnt-signaling |
Wingless-type signaling |
cyclinD |
Cyclin dependent |
OVX |
Ovariectomized |
ER |
Estrogen receptor |
TRAP |
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase |
LPS |
Lipopolysaccharides |
IL-6/1 |
Interleukin-6/1 |
TNF-α |
Tumor necrosis factor |
COX-2 |
Cyclooxygenasetype-2 |
HIF-1α |
Hypoxia inducible factor-1α
|
p38 |
Protein 38 |
JNK |
Jun N-terminal kinase |
ERK1/2 |
Extracellular regulated-kinases 1/2 |
Iκ-BαLPS |
ikappa-Balpha lipopolysaccharide |
MMP-9 |
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 |
Akt |
Protein Kinase B |
NF-κB |
nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells |
RANK |
receptor activator of NF-κB |
COL I |
collagen type I |
NFATc1 |
nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 |
c-Fos |
Chromosome-Fos |
B-lymphopoiesis |
Bone marrow-lymphopoiesis |
ERα/ERβ |
Estrogen receptor alpha/beta |
BMD |
Bone mineral density |
Osx |
Osteoblast-specific transcription factor osterix |
MDA |
malondialdehyde |
NO |
nitric oxide |
mRNA |
Messenger ribonucleic acid |
Dickkopf-1 |
DKK-1 |
Runx2 |
Runt-related transcription factor 2 |
PPAR-γ |
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma |
β-catenin |
Beta-cateni |
MSC |
Mesenchymal stem cell |
EL |
Eurycoma longifolia
|
ERT |
estrogen replacement therapy |