Table 1.
Typical di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-degrading bacteria strains and their characteristics.
| Sources | Strain | Experimental Conditions | Substrate (Substrate Profile) | Degradation Efficiency | Major Intermediates | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine plastic debris in coastal seawater | Rhodococcus ruber YC-YT1 | pH 7.0, 30 °C (pH 4–10.0, Temperature 10–50 °C) |
DEHP (DDP, DNP, DOP, DCHP, BBP, DHPP, DHP, DAP, DBP, DPrP, DEP, DMP, PA, BA, SA, PNP, diphenyl, 1,2,3-tetrachlorobenzene, PCA, catechol) | 100 mg/L, 100% DEHP, 3 days | MEHP, PA, BA | This study |
| Activated sludge | Pseudomonas fluorescens FS1 | pH 6.5–8.0, 30 °C Inhibition below 10 °C and above 35 °C) | PAEs (DMP, DEP, DnBP, DIBP, DnOP, DEHP) | 100 mg/L, 99% DMP, DEP, DnBP, DIBP; 20% DnOP, 30% DEHP, 3 days | NR | [23] |
| River sediment and petrochemical sludge | Sphigomonas sp. DK4 cooperation with Corynebacterium sp. O18 | pH 7.0, 30 °C (pH 5–9, Temperature 20–40 °C) |
DEP, DPrP, DBP, DPP, DCP, DHP, BBP, DEHP | 5 mg/L, 32.6% DEHP and 91.6% DEHP, respectively, 7 days | NR | [24] |
| River sediment | Anaerobic bacteria community | pH 7.0, 30 °C (pH 5–9, 20–50 °C) |
DEP, DBP, DEHP | 5 μg/g, 91% DEP, 94.1% DBP, 95.4% DEHP, 84 days | NR | [38] |
| Constructed wetland soil | Arthrobacter C21 | pH 7.0, 30 °C | DBP (DMP, DEP, DOP, DEHP, PA) | 100 mg/L, 51.4%, DEHP, 70 h | NR | [39] |
| Heavily plastics-contaminated sewage sludge | Achromobacter denitrificans SP1 | pH 8.0, 32 °C | DEHP | 10 mM, 63% DEHP, 72 h; 100% DEHP 96 h | MEHP, 2-ethyl hexanol | [40] |
| Aerobic granules | Sphingomonas sp. PA-02 | pH 7.0, 25–35 °C | DMP (DBP, DEP, DEHP) | 29–33% 290 mg/L DMP, 5 days | PA, BA | [41] |
| Wetland soil | Bacillus megaterium YJB3 | 34.2 °C | DBP (PA, PCA, MBP, DMP, DEP, DBP, DEHP, DnOP, DINP) | 1000 mg/L, 82.5% DBP, 5 days | MBP, PA, PCA | [2] |
| Compost-amended soil | Providencia sp. 2 D | NR | DMP (DEP, DBP, DnOP, DEHP, MBP, PA, BA, PCA, Catechol) | 200 mg/L, 100% DBP, 3 days | MBP, PA | [11] |
| Activated sludge | Bacterial community | pH 7.0, 30 °C | DEP (DBP, BBP, DEHP) | 50 mg/kg, 95.2% DEHP, 98.6% BBP, 99.2% DBP, 98% DEP | NR | [42] |
| Vegetable greenhouse soil | Acinetobacter sp. LMB-5 | pH 7.0, 40 °C | DMP (DEP, DBP, DEHP) | 100 mg/L, 100% DBP, 60 h, 98.87% DMP, 94.94% DEP, 72.15% DBP, 45 h | DMP, PA | [18] |
| Organic amendment soil | Bacterial community | NR | DBP, DEHP | NR | NR | [43] |
| Municipal waste | Gordonia sp. Dop5 | pH 7.0, 28 °C | DMP, DEP, DnBP, DnOP, DEHP, BBP, DPP, MnOP, PCA, no PA | 750 mg/L, 100% DnOP 48 h | CO2, H2O | [20] |
| Petroleum-contaminated soil | Gordonia alkanivorans YC-RL2 | pH 8.0, 30 °C, 0–5% NaCl (pH 6–11, Temperature 10–50 °C, NaCl 0–12%) |
DEHP, DBP, DCHP, DMP, DEP, PA | 800 mg/L, 94.6% DEHP, 7 days | MEHP, PA, BA | [22] |
| Activated sludge | Microbacterium sp. CQ0110Y | pH 6.5–7.5, 25–35 °C (pH 4.5–9.0, Temperature 10–50 °C, 10 °C and 50 °C no degradation) |
DEHP | 1000 mg/L, 100% DEHP, 10 days | MEHP, PA, BA, PCA, muconic acid, pyruvic acid | [44] |
| Activated sludge | Acinetobacter sp. SN13 | pH 6–9, 30 °C, (pH 3–9, Temperature 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C) |
DEHP | 400 mg/L, 90% DEHP, add 100–1000 μg/L Fe3+ can improve degradation rate, 100 μg/L Mn2+ can improve but 500–1000 μg/L Mn2+ inhibition | MEHP, PA, PCA | [27] |
| Vegetable soil | Rhodococcus WJ4 | pH 7.0, 28 °C | DEHP | 200 mg/L, 96.4% DEHP, 7 days | NR | [19] |
| Soil | Bacillus subtilis No. 66 | pH 7.5, 30 °C | DEHP (DBP, DEP, DPP, DPrP, PA) | 5 mM, 99% DEHP, 5 days | MEHP, PA, PCA | [21] |
| Soil |
Bacterial community, G1, Rhodococcus rhodochrous G2, Rhodococcus rhodochrous G7, Corynebacterium nitrilophilus G11 |
pH 7.0, 30 °C | DEHP | 100 mg/L, G1, G2, 97%DEHP, 3 days; G7, 32.5% DEHP, G11 cooperation with surfactant 90% DEHP within 24 h | NR | [45] |
| Garden soil | Mycobacterium sp. NK0301 | pH 6.8, 30 °C | DEHP | 98% 0.1% (v/v) DEHP within 24 h | 2-ethylhexanol, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid | [46] |
| Contaminated river sediment | Rhodococcus sp. HS-D2 | pH 7.0 30 °C (pH 5–10, Temperature 15–42 °C) |
BBP (DMP, DEP, DBP, DOP, DEHP, PA, catechol, pyridine, BA, Tween-80) | 500 mg/L, 100% BBP, 96 h | MBP, PA, BA | [31] |
| NR | Agromyces sp. MT-O | pH 7.2, 29.6 °C | DEHP (DMP, DEP, DBP, DOP) | 200 mg/L, 90% DEHP, 4 days | MEHP, PA | [13] |
| Soil | Mycobacterium sp. YC-RL4 | pH 8.0, 30 °C | DEHP (DCHP, DBP, DEP, DMP) | 50 mg/L, 100% DEHP, 5 days | MEHP, PA | [28] |
| Mixed pulper waste | Fusarium culmorum | pH 6.5, 28 °C | DEHP | 1000 mg/L, 95% DEHP, 60 h | MEHP, PA, PCA, butanediol | [47] |
| Purchased | Pleurotus ostreatus | 25 °C | DEHP | 1000 mg/L, 100% DEHP, 21 days | MEHP, 2-ethyl-hexan-1-ol, PA | [1] |
NR: not reported; dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), di-cyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP), di-propyl phthalate (DPrP), dipentyl phthalate (DAP), dihexyl phthalate (DHP), di-n-heptyl phthalate (DHPP), dioctyl phthalate (DOP), di-nonyl phthalate (DNP), and di-decyl phthalate (DDP); di-n-butyl phthalate(DnBP); diiso-butyl ortho-phthalate (DIBP); dioctyl phthalate (DnOP); diisononyl ortho-phthalate (DINP); mono (2-ethylehxyl) phthalate (MEHP); mono-n-octyl phthalate (MnOP); phthalic acid (PA); phthalic acid ester (PAEs); protocatechuic acid (PCA); benzoic acid (BA); mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP).