Table 2.

Comparison of the characteristics, injury severities and outcomes among the patient groups.

	DN vs. NDN		SIH vs. NDN		DH vs. NDN		SIH vs. DH
Variables	OR (95% CI)	p	OR (95% CI)	p	OR (95% CI)	p	OR (95% CI)	p
Sex		<0.001		0.741		0.013		0.104
Male	0.61 (0.48–0.78)		0.95 (0.71–1.27)		0.69 (0.52–0.93)		1.38 (0.94–2.03)
Female	1.65 (1.29–2.11)		1.05 (0.79–1.40)		1.45 (1.08–1.94)		0.73 (0.49–1.07)
Age	-	<0.001	-	0.544	-	<0.001	-	<0.001
Comorbidity
HTN	7.08 (5.43–9.23)	<0.001	0.96 (0.69–1.34)	0.826	5.40 (3.99–7.30)	<0.001	0.18 (0.12–0.27)	<0.001
CAD	2.90 (1.92–4.38)	<0.001	0.88 (0.44–1.78)	0.719	3.46 (2.20–5.43)	<0.001	0.25 (0.12–0.55)	<0.001
CHF	5.08 (1.83–14.12)	0.003	2.93 (0.77–11.14)	0.122	6.51 (2.24–18.96)	0.002	0.45 (0.11–1.83)	0.321
CVA	4.59 (3.04–6.94)	<0.001	0.38 (0.12–1.22)	0.091	3.02 (1.78–5.12)	<0.001	0.13 (0.04–0.43)	<0.001
ESRD	-	1.000	-	1.000	-	1.000	-	-
ISS, median (IQR)	-	<0.001	-	<0.001	-	0.194	-	<0.001
Mortality, n (%)	0.95 (0.62–1.46)	0.822	5.12 (3.72–7.05)	<0.001	2.45 (1.67–3.57)	<0.001	2.09 (1.35–3.25)	0.001
ICU LOS (days)	-	0.001	-	<0.001	-	<0.001	-	0.986
Pneumonia	2.27 (1.45–3.58)	<0.001	1.27 (0.68–2.38)	0.450	2.43 (1.45–4.07)	0.001	0.52 (0.25–1.10)	0.084
ARF	2.44 (1.06–5.62)	0.049	1.64 (0.55–4.88)	0.324	1.34 (0.39–4.58)	0.500	1.23 (0.27–5.54)	1.000

HTN = hypertension; CAD = coronary artery disease; CHF = congestive heart failure; CVA = cerebral vascular accident; ESRD = end-stage renal disease; ISS = injury severity score; IQR = interquartile range; ICU = intensive care unit; LOS = length of stay; ARF = acute renal failure; NDN = nondiabetic normoglycemia; DN = diabetic normoglycemia; SIH = stress-induced hyperglycemia; DH = diabetic hyperglycemia; CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio.