ACN	Acetonitrile
BMD	Bone mineral density
BMI	Body mass index
BMUs	Basic multicellular units
CTx-1	c-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen
DG	Diacylglycerol
DXA	Dual X-ray absorptiometry
EDTA	Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid
HILIC LC-MS	Hydrophilic interaction chromatography liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
IL-1	Interleukin-1
IK-6	Interleukin-6
CerP	Ceramide-1-phosphate
S1P	Sphingosine-1-phosphate
M-CSF	Macrophage colony-stimulating factor
MSCs	Mesenchymal stem cells
OPLS	Orthogonal partial least squares
OVX	Ovariectomized
PA	Phosphatidic acid
PI	Phosphatidylinositol
Plasmenyl-PE	Plasmenylphosphatidylethanolamine
PE	Phosphatidylethanolamine
PPARy	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
PS	Phosphatidylserine
PTH	parathyroid hormone
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
RP (LC-MS)	Reverse-phase liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
SC	Singaporean-Chinese
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-α
QC	Quality control
WHO	World Health Organization