Table 1.
Characteristics of HIV-Infected Participants By Antiretroviral Therapy Status
| ART experienced (N = 164) | ART naive (N = 136) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Female | 94 (57.3) | 98 (72.1) | 0.008 |
| Age, years | 43.1 (9.4) | 37.9 (8.9) | <0.001 |
| Age groups, years | <0.001 | ||
| 18–34 | 29 (17.7) | 48 (35.3) | |
| 35–44 | 70 (42.7) | 57 (41.9) | |
| 45–54 | 37 (22.6) | 23 (16.9) | |
| >55 | 28 (17.1) | 8 (5.9) | |
| Education level | |||
| High school or more | 55 (33.5) | 15 (11) | 0.03 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | |||
| Current tobacco use | 5 (3) | 5 (3.7) | 0.95 |
| Current alcohol drinking | 37 (22.6) | 24 (17.7) | 0.29 |
| Diabetes | 2 (1.5) | 5 (3.1) | 0.35 |
| Overweight/obese | 71 (43.3) | 50 (36.8) | 0.25 |
| Physical activity, work related | 122 (74.4) | 89 (65.4) | 0.09 |
| HDL, mmol/L | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| LDL, mmol/L | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | 0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.6 ± 1.1 | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 0.21 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.8 ± 1.1 | 4.1 ± 1.0 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.1 ± 5.9 | 23.8 ± 5.2 | 0.05 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 87.8 ± 12.7 | 84.6 ± 9.4 | 0.01 |
| SBP, mmHg | 116.3 ± 5.5 | 115.7 ± 5.4 | 0.40 |
| DBP, mmHg | 65.5 ± 5.6 | 65.9 ± 6.1 | 0.57 |
| FBS, mmol/L | 5.0 ± 1.0 | 5.1 ± 1.0 | 0.34 |
| HIV-related factors | |||
| Nadir CD4a, cells/mm3 | 191.4 ± 127.8 | 417.9 ± 206.2 | <0.001 |
| Peak viral load,b copies/mL | 120,646.1 (538–112.9) | 189,710 (199–678.9) | 0.59 |
| WHO clinical stage 4 | 15 (9.2) | 4 (2.9) | <0.001 |
| HIV duration, years | 6.6 ± 4.7 | 3.7 ± 4.4 | <0.001 |
| ART duration, years | 5.4 ± 3.3 | ||
| Type of ART | |||
| PI-based | |||
| Lopinovir/ritonavir | 11 (6.7) | ||
| NRTI-based | |||
| Stavudine | 4 (2.4) | ||
| Zidovudine | 57 (34.8) | ||
| Lamuvidine | 152 (92.7) | ||
| Tenofovir | 109 (66.5) | ||
| NNRTI-based | |||
| Nevirapine | 99 (60.4) | ||
| Efavirenz | 51 (31.1) | ||
| Others | 9 (5.5 | ||
Values are n (%), median (interquartile range) or mean ± SD.
a
N = 188.
b
N = 38.
ART, antiretroviral therapy; SBP, systolic BP; DBP, diastolic BP; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; BMI, body mass index; FBS, fasting blood sugar; PI, protease inhibitor; SD, standard deviation.