Fig. 2. Characterization of bilayered nanoshells, encapsulating a single S. cerevisiae cell. (A) TEM micrograph of individual gold nanoparticles (denoted as GNP). (B) Nanopores in the biohybrid layer. (C) High-magnification SEM micrograph of a cross-section of the bilayer around a yeast cell. (D) ¹³C solid-state NMR spectra of different components making up the bilayered nanoshell. (E) TEM micrographs of an encapsulated yeast cell with a bilayered nanoshell (indicated by the black square), together with a higher magnification image of the biohybrid layer (top left inset; the scale bar equals 200 nm) and the boundary of the inner and outer layers indicated (top right inset; the scale bar equals 200 nm). The inner and outer layers are indicated by arrows while their boundary is indicated for clarity by the red dashed line. (F) N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherm and the corresponding pore-size distribution (inset) of silica layers. Measurements were taken at standard temperature and pressure (STP) of 1 atmosphere and 0 °C.