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. 2017 Sep 15;21(4):689–703. doi: 10.1007/s10021-017-0178-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Time course of A daily sums of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), daily means of B air temperature (T _air) and C air vapour pressure deficit (vpd) and in the rain-out shelters. C, D Daily means of soil moisture (vol.%) in the main rooting horizon in monoliths from the meadow (control n = 3, drought n = 5) and the abandoned grassland (control n = 4, drought n = 5) exposed to ambient conditions (control, solid line) and drought (dashed line). Shaded areas show the standard error of the mean. Vertical bars show daily precipitation (open = natural, shaded = manual watering). Note that during rain exclusion (horizontal black bar) only monoliths from the control treatment received water.