Table 1.

Demographics and MRS metabolite levels ^a, ^b

Measure	Patients (n = 29)	Controls (n = 20)	Statistic	p
Age, years	33.8 (11.0)	37.1 (11.1)	t(47) = 1.03	0.31
Sex, M/F	20/9	14/6	χ2 = 0.01	0.94
Parental occupation c	9.3 (6.1)	8.2 (4.1)	t(43) = 0.71	0.48
Smoker/Non-smoker	21/8	12/8	χ2 = 0.83	0.36
BPRS d
Total	40.5 (12.6)	–	–	–
Positive	10.1 (5.0)	–	–	–
Negative	6.3 (3.0)	–	–	–
Illness duration, years	13.4 (11.6)	–	–	–
Unmedicated/Medicated	14/15	–	–	–
Anterior Cingulate Cortex e
NAA/Cr	1.33 (0.10)	1.32 (0.12)	t(42) = 0.17	0.87
CRLB, %	3.4 (0.5)	3.4 (0.5)
Glx/Cr	0.70 (0.06)	0.70 (0.08)	t(42) = 0.10	0.92
CRLB, %	6.8 (1.3)	6.9 (1.4)
Cho/Cr	0.80 (0.07)	0.79 (0.06)	t(42) = 0.67	0.51
CRLB, %	2.6 (0.4)	2.6 (0.3)
SNR	10.8 (1.1)	11.1 (1.1)	t(42) = 0.81	0.42
Line width (FWHM, Hz)	4.9 (0.8)	5.2 (1.2)	t(42) = 1.04	0.30
Hippocampus f
NAA/Cr	1.23 (0.12)	1.25 (0.15)	t(39) = 0.49	0.63
CRLB, %	3.7 (0.5)	3.8 (0.9)
Glx/Cr	0.62 (0.12)	0.61 (0.09)	t(39) = 0.49	0.63
CRLB, %	10.4 (2.0)	10.2 (1.7)
Cho/Cr	0.92 (0.11)	0.89 (0.14)	t(39) = 0.67	0.51
CRLB, %	3.1 (0.4)	3.1 (0.7)
SNR	11.5 (1.1)	11.7 (1.5)	t(39) = 0.47	0.64
Line width (FWHM, Hz)	8.3 (1.3)	8.2 (1.1)	t(39) = 0.21	0.83

^aAbbreviations: BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; Cho, choline; Cr, creatine; CRLB, Cramer-Rao lower bounds; FWHM, full-width at half maximum; Glx, glutamate + glutamine; Hz, hertz; NAA, N-acetylaspartate; SNR, signal-to-noise ratio

^bMean (SD) unless indicated otherwise.

^cParental occupation determined from Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (1–18 scale). Lower numerical value corresponds to higher socioeconomic status. Information not available for 4 SZ

^dScored on a 1–7 scale. Positive: conceptual disorganization, hallucinatory behavior, unusual thought content, and suspiciousness. Negative: emotional withdrawal, motor retardation, and blunted affect.

^epatients: n = 26; controls: n = 18

^fpatients: n = 23; controls: n = 18