Table 8.

Performance trade-offs.

Features	Achievements	Price to pay
Forwarder selection from SUPs	PDR improvement Figure 12a	End-to-end delay Figure 12c
Prioritizing forwarder through Holding time	Energy consumption reduction Figure 12b	Upward packet advancement
	Duplicate packets reduction
	Collision avoidance
Embedded Sink	Prolong network lifetime Figure 13c,	Deployment and physical
	end-to-end delay reduction Figure 14c,	connection maintenance cost
	Reliability Figure 14a
Transmission zones	Energy tax reduction Figure 12b	Computationally complex
Hop Count Mechanism	APD Improvement Figure 12d	Computationally complex
	end-to-end delay Figure 12c