Table 2.
Estimation of heart rate in relaxed condition by CNNs.
| Posture | Signal | MAE | SDAE | RMSE | CC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standing | VGG-16 (No Aug) | 1.92 | 2.40 | 3.08 | 0.954 ** |
| VGG-19 (Aug) | 3.90 | 3.72 | 5.39 | 0.934 ** | |
| Ensemble Network | 2.07 | 2.56 | 3.29 | 0.960 ** | |
| Sitting | VGG-16 (No Aug) | 1.72 | 1.69 | 2.40 | 0.984 ** |
| VGG-19 (Aug) | 5.05 | 4.91 | 7.04 | 0.905 ** | |
| Ensemble Network | 2.52 | 2.50 | 3.55 | 0.970 ** | |
| Supine | VGG-16 (No Aug) | 1.67 | 2.60 | 3.09 | 0.982 ** |
| VGG-19 (Aug) | 4.06 | 5.04 | 6.47 | 0.946 ** | |
| Ensemble Network | 2.17 | 3.12 | 3.80 | 0.977 ** |
MAE = mean absolute error; SDAE = standard deviation of absolute error; RMSE = root mean square error; CC = Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Two asterisks represent significant correlation level at p < 0.01. The lowest error and highest correlation values are bolded.