Table 3.
Estimation of heart rate in aroused condition by CNNs.
| Posture | Signal | MAE | SDAE | RMSE | CC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standing | VGG-16 (No Aug) | 2.23 | 3.92 | 4.51 | 0.976 ** |
| VGG-19 (Aug) | 7.54 | 7.22 | 10.44 | 0.866 ** | |
| Ensemble Network | 3.96 | 4.79 | 6.22 | 0.960 ** | |
| Sitting | VGG-16 (No Aug) | 2.34 | 3.47 | 4.19 | 0.975 ** |
| VGG-19 (Aug) | 8.58 | 9.43 | 12.75 | 0.763 ** | |
| Ensemble Network | 4.63 | 5.45 | 7.15 | 0.946 ** | |
| Supine | VGG-16 (No Aug) | 1.51 | 1.57 | 2.18 | 0.992 ** |
| VGG-19 (Aug) | 4.48 | 3.22 | 5.52 | 0.962 ** | |
| Ensemble Network | 2.28 | 1.81 | 2.91 | 0.988 ** |
MAE = mean absolute error; SDAE = standard deviation of absolute error; RMSE = root mean square error; CC = Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Two asterisks represent significant correlation level at p < 0.01. The lowest error and highest correlation values are bolded.