Table 1.
Summary of Results of the Included Studies Reporting on Active Case Finding for Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus, 1990–February 2016a
| First Author, Year (Reference No.) | Region | Testing Modality | Hepatitis B Virus | Hepatitis C Virus | HIV | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uptake, % | Positivity Rate, % | Positivity Rate of Newly Diagnosed Infections, % | Uptake, % | Positivity Rate, % | Positivity Rate of Newly Diagnosed Infections, % | Uptake, % | Positivity Rate, % | Positivity Rate of Newly Diagnosed Infections, % | |||
| Foschi, 2015 (43) | EU/EEA | At entry; opt in | 91.5 | 6.6 | 91.5 | 9.8 | |||||
| Gabbuti, 2015 (unpublished datab) | EU/EEA | At entry; opt in | 95.0 | 8.1 | 82.3 | 28.2 | |||||
| Rumble, 2015 (citing Horne, 2004) (13) | EU/EEA | At entry; opt in | 12.0 | 12.0 | |||||||
| Jacomet, 2016 (44) | EU/EEA | At entry; opt in | 91.3 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 89.9 | 4.7 | 2.0 | 91.3 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Kivimets, 2014 (48) | EU/EEA | At entry; opt in | 97.3 | 12.5 | 1.8 | ||||||
| Rumble, 2015 (citing Skipper, 2003) (13) | EU/EEA | At entry; opt in | 9.0 | 29.9 | |||||||
| Rumble, 2015 (citing Andrus, 1998) (13) | Non–EU/EEA | At entry; opt in | 65.0 | 0.9 | |||||||
| Arriola, 2001 (46) | Non–EU/EEA | At entry; opt in | NR | 17.0 | 7.0 | ||||||
| Beckwith, 2015 (42) | Non–EU/EEA | At entry; opt in | 26.0 | 10.0 | 95.0 | 0.0 | |||||
| Rumble, 2015 (citing Behrendt, 1994) (13) | Non–EU/EEA | At entry; opt in | 47.0 | 5.4 | |||||||
| Rumble, 2015 (citing Cotton, 1999) (13) | Non–EU/EEA | At entry; opt in | 71.0 | 2.5 | |||||||
| Rumble, 2015 (citing Hoxie 1990) (13) | Non–EU/EEA | At entry; opt in | 71.0 | 0.6 | |||||||
| Kassira, 2001 (47) | Non–EU/EEA | At entry; opt in | 39.0 | 3.3 | |||||||
| Kim, 2013 (45) | Non–EU/EEA | At entry; opt in | 80.7 | 25.4 | |||||||
| Kuncio, 2015 (11) | Non–EU/EEA | At entry; opt in | NR | 57.0 | |||||||
| Rumble, 2015 (citing Liddicoat, 2006) (13) | Non EU/EEA | At entry; opt in | 73.0 | 0.3 | |||||||
| Macgowan, 2009 (49) | Non–EU/EEA | At entry; opt in | 6.0 | 1.3 | 0.8 | ||||||
| Pearson, 2014 (36) | Non–EU/EEA | At entry; opt in | 53.0 | NR | |||||||
| Rosen, 2009 (53) | Non–EU/EEA | At entry; opt in | 34.0 | NR | |||||||
| Shrestha, 2009 (50) | Non–EU/EEA | At entry; opt in | NR | 2.4 | 1.3 | ||||||
| Spaulding, 2015 (51) | Non–EU/EEA | At entry; opt in | 38.4 | 1.1 | |||||||
| Rumble, 2015 (citing Strick, 2011) (13) | Non–EU/EEA | At entry; opt in | 72.0 | NR | 0.1 | ||||||
| Tartaro, 2013 (52) | Non–EU/EEA | At entry; opt in | 50.0 | 3.0 | 0.1 | ||||||
| Rumble, 2015 (citing Watkins, 2009) (13) | Non–EU/EEA | At entry; opt in | NR | 24.8 | NR | 0.6 | |||||
| Rumble, 2015 (citing Beckwith, 2010) (13) | Non–EU/EEA | At entry; opt out | NR | NR | 0.2 | ||||||
| Rumble, 2015 (citing Beckwith, 2011) (13) | Non–EU/EEA | At entry; opt out | 98.0 | NR | 0.1 | ||||||
| Rumble, 2015 (citing Kavasery, 2009a) (13) | Non–EU/EEA | At entry; opt out | 91.0 | NR | 0.0 | ||||||
| Rumble, 2015 (citing Kavasery, 2009b) (13) | Non–EU/EEA | At entry; opt out | 70.0 | NR | 0.8 | ||||||
| Rumble, 2015 (citing Spaulding, 2013) (13) | Non–EU/EEA | At entry; opt out | 64.0 | NR | 0.4 | ||||||
| Rumble, 2015 (citing Strick, 2011) (13) | Non–EU/EEA | At entry; opt out | 90.0 | NR | 0.1 | ||||||
| Babudieri, 2008 (60) | EU/EEA | At entry and stay | 63.5 | 10.8 | |||||||
| Babudieri, 2012 (61) | EU/EEA | At entry and stay | 56.3 | 5.6 | |||||||
| Babudieri, 2015 (62) | EU/EEA | At entry and stay | 83.8 | 3.9 | |||||||
| Foschi, 2015 (43) | EU/EEA | At entry and stay | 91.5 | 3.2 | |||||||
| Gallego, 2010 (64) | EU/EEA | At entry and stay | 82.5 | 9.9 | |||||||
| Khaw, 2007 (69) | EU/EEA | At entry and stay | 63.3 | 36.8 | |||||||
| Lugo, 2012 (65) | EU/EEA | At entry and stay | NR | 10.9 | |||||||
| Marco, 2014 (66) | EU/EEA | At entry and stay | NR | 1.0 | |||||||
| Monarca, 2002 (67) | EU/EEA | At entry and stay | NR | 26.6 | |||||||
| Prestileo, 2006 (68) | EU/EEA | At entry and stay | NR | 35.4 | |||||||
| Cocoros, 2014 (63) | Non–EU/EEA | At entry and stay | 21.9 | 20.5 | 26.4 | 0.8 | |||||
| Babudieri, 2012 (61) | EU/EEA | During stay | 56.3 | 5.3 | 56.3 | 32.8 | |||||
| Babudieri, 2015 (62) | EU/EEA | During stay | 83.8 | 4.7 | 83.8 | 17.6 | |||||
| Bedoya, 2014 (74) | EU/EEA | During stay | NR | 13.2 | |||||||
| Kivimets, 2014 (48) | EU/EEA | During stay | 96.0 | 0.1 | |||||||
| Sagnelli, 2012 (75) | EU/EEA | During stay | 65.3 | 4.4 | 64.6 | 22.8 | 67.4 | 3.8 | |||
| Jacomet, 2016 (44) | EU/EEA | At release | 4.2 | 0.0 | |||||||
| Sieck, 2011 (83) | Non–EU/EEA | At release | NR | 0.5 | NR | 1.7 | NR | 0.1 | |||
| Simonsen, 2015 (84) | Non–EU/EEA | At release | 60.0 | 0.3 | |||||||
Abbreviations: EEA, European Economic Area; EU, European Union; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; NR, not reported.
a The date range was 1980–February 2016 for the Cochrane Database.
b A. Gabbuti, Istituti Penitenziari di Firenze, unpublished data, 2015.