Table 2.
Final Diagnoses and Identified Pathogens for All Hospitalized Children (N = 1238)
| Final Diagnosis and Pathogena,b,c,d | no./No. (%) |
|---|---|
| Plasmodium spp parasitemia | 728 (59) |
| Plasmodium falciparum | 679/728 (93) |
| Parasite count, μL, median (IQR) | 74385 (25508–201407) |
| Parasite count, µL | |
| ≥1 to 10000 | 105/728 (14) |
| >10000 to 100000 | 313/728 (43) |
| >100000 | 310/728 (43) |
| Severe malaria | 117/1238 (9) |
| Parasite count, μL, median (IQR) | 283566 (122360–477764) |
| Cerebral malaria | 17/117 (15) |
| Lower respiratory tract infectione | 290 (23) |
| Pathogen detected | 209/290 (72) |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 134/209 (64) |
| Adenovirus | 54/209 (26) |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 46/209 (22) |
| Rhinovirus | 42/209 (20) |
| Enterovirus | 40/209 (19) |
| HCoV (NL63, 229E, OC43, HKU1) | 25/209 (12) |
| Chlamydiae | 25/209 (12) |
| Urinary tract infection | 218 (18) |
| Pathogen detected | 32/218 (15) |
| Escherichia coli | 25/32 (78) |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 7/32 (22) |
| Streptococcus spp | 4/32 (13) |
| Enterococcus spp | 4/32 (13) |
| Gastrointestinal infection | 210 (17) |
| Pathogen detected | 97/210 (40) |
| Rotavirus | 32/97 (33) |
| Giardia spp | 28/97 (29) |
| Adenovirus | 26/97 (27) |
| Shigella/EIEC | 25/97 (26) |
| Campylobacter spp | 21/97 (22) |
| Norovirus | 14/97 (14) |
| Salmonella spp | 10/97 (10) |
| Pneumonia | 120 (10) |
| Pathogen detected | 90/120 (75) |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 58/90 (64) |
| Rhinovirus | 19/90 (21) |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 18/90 (20) |
| Chlamydiae | 14/90 (16) |
| Parainfluenza virus 1–4 | 14/90 (16) |
| Enterovirus | 13/90 (14) |
| Adenovirus | 9/90 (10) |
| Skin/soft tissue or joint/bone infectionf | 82 (7) |
| Bloodstream infection | 62 (5) |
| Salmonella sppd | 47/62 (76) |
| Nontyphoidal Salmonella spp | 28/62 (45) |
| Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi | 19/62 (31) |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 6/62 (10) |
| Systemic viral disease | 58 (5) |
| Hepatitis B virusd,g | 3/58 (5) |
| Intra-abdominal infectiond | 7 (1) |
| CNS infection/meningitis | 11 (1) |
| Pathogen detected | 3/11 (27) |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 2/11 (18) |
| Clinical diagnosesh | 4 (0) |
| Pulmonary tuberculosis | 2 (0) |
| Lymphatic filariasis | 1 (0) |
| Zoonotic infection | 0 (0) |
| Unidentified | 109 (9) |
Abbreviations: CNS, central nervous system; EIEC, enteroinvasive Escherichia coli; HCoV, human coronavirus; IQR, interquartile range.
aPathogens among diagnoses displayed only if frequency ≥10%.
bAccording to case definitions (see Supplementary Table 1).
cMultiple diagnoses and/or pathogens per patient possible.
dFor complete list of identified diagnoses/pathogens, see Supplementary Table 1.
eExcluding pneumonia diagnosis.
fOnly clinical diagnosis available.
gIf alanine/aspartate aminotransferase ≥150 U/L.
hMastoiditis, n = 3; mumps, n = 1.