. 2018 May 8;40(1):82–95. doi: 10.1093/epirev/mxy005

Table 5.

Summary of Smoking Cessation Interventions Published Between 2012 and 2016^a

First Author, Year (Reference No.)	Intervention	Trial Design	Cessation Measurement	Timing of Measurement	Strength of Trial^a	Outcome: Change in Behavior
Akbar, 2012 (42)	Oral health education	Pre/Post	Self-report	In facility	Weak	No change
Etter, 2012 (104)	Counseling, NRT	Pre/Post	Self-report	In facility	Weak	No change
Makris, 2012 (27)	Varenicline + counseling	Pre/Post	Self-report plus biological	In facility	Weak	30.7% abstinent at 3 months; 20.2% at 1 year
Clarke, 2013 (25), 2011 (44), 2015 (105)	CBT, MI	RCT	Biological	After release	Strong	7-day point abstinence, 3-week follow-up, 35% (intervention) and 7% (control); 3-month follow-up, 12% (intervention) and 2% (control).
Richmond, 2013 (28)	CBT + NRT, with nortriptyline or placebo	RCT	Self-report plus biological	In facility	Strong	No effect of added nortriptylineContinuous abstinence at 3 months (23.8% treatment vs. 16.4% control); 6 months (17.5% vs. 12.3%); 12 months (11.7% vs. 11.9%)
Naik, 2014 (24)	MI	RCT	Self-report plus biological	In facility	Moderate	At 6 months, 16% in intervention stopped smoking, reduction in CO level
Jalali, 2015 (106)	MI + NRT	RCT	Self-report plus biological	In facility	Strong	90-day follow-up. Significant reductions in CO, CPD, and Fagerstrom score in MI only and MI-NRT groups between pre- and post-tests and pre-test and follow-up. No differences between post-test and follow-up.
Turan, 2016 (107)	NRT, varenicline, bupropion	Pre/Post	Self-report	In facility	Weak	30-day follow-up, 22.5% reported some reduction in smoking.

Abbreviations: CBT, cognitive-based therapy; CO, carbon monoxide; CPD, cigarettes per day; MI, motivational interviewing; NRT, nicotine replacement therapy; Pre/Post, preintervention and postintervention; RCT, randomized clinical trial.