Table 1.

Baseline Characteristics of Study Population

Characteristic	N=410,521
Mean Age	52 ± 9.4
Female Sex (%)	231,115 (56.3)
CHRONIC CONDITION (%)
Previous myocardial infarction	9,099 (2.3)
Congestive heart failure	15,652 (3.9)
Peripheral vascular disease	21,648 (5.5)
Cerebrovascular disease	14,986 (3.8)
Dementia	412 (0.1)
Chronic pulmonary disease	109,664 (2.8)
Rheumatologic disease	23,851 (6.0)
Peptic ulcer disease	8,188 (2.0)
Mild liver disease	40,195 (10.2)
Severe liver disease	985 (0.2)
Hemiplegia or paraplegia	6,345 (1.6)
Renal disease	13,245 (3.3)
Any malignancy	120,950 (30.8)
Metastatic solid tumor	18,970 (4.8)
HIV/AIDS	1,364 (0.3)
Diabetes without chronic complication	136,767 (34.8)
Diabetes with chronic complication	15,528 (3.9)
Adverse event prior to surgery	49,387 (12.0)
SURGERY TYPE (%)
Esophageal surgery	980 (<1)
Bariatric surgery	38,761 (9.4)
Gastrectomy	2,505 (<1)
Small bowel surgery	12,331 (3)
Colorectal surgery	41,835 (10)
Pelvic surgery	94,201 (23)
Prostate surgery	36,310 (8.8)
Hip surgery	27,414 (6.7)
Knee surgery	67,292 (16.3)
Spine surgery	88,892 (21.6)
CLAIM TYPE PRIOR TO SURGERY (%)
Inpatient	233,620 (56.9)
Outpatient	341,739 (83.2)
Emergency	16,003 (3.9)