Table 1: Summary of Interstitial Glucose versus Blood Glucose Average Lag Time, Estimated Values and Related Study Information.
| First Author/Year of Publication/Reference | Estimated Lag Time (Minutes) | Study Population | Interstitial Fluid Sampling Method | Measuring Principle or CGM System (If Any) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shichiri M, 1986169 | 5 | People with diabetes (n=5) | Transcutaneous sensor | Enzymatic biosensor |
| Matthews D, 1988170 | 0 | Anaesthesised rats (n=11), healthy subjects (n=10) | Transcutaneous sensor | Enzymatic biosensor |
| Aalders AL, 1991171 | Rise = 4 | People with diabetes (n=10), healthy subjects (n=6) | Microdialysis | Enzymatic biosensor |
| Fall = 8 | ||||
| Meyeroff C, 1992172 | 0–18 | People with type 2 diabetes (n=7), healthy subjects (n=13) | Microdialysis | Enzymatic biosensor |
| Sternberg F, 199690 | 2–12 | IT people with diabetes (n=40) | Microdialysis | Enzymatic biosensor |
| Thomé-Duret V, 199678 | -16 | Anaesthesised rats | Transcutaneous sensor | Enzymatic biosensor |
| Schmidtke DW, 199879 | 9–25 | Anaesthesised rats | Transcutaneous sensor | Enzymatic biosensor |
| Tamada JA, 199948 | 18±10 | People with type 1 and 2 diabetes (n=92) | Reverse iontophoresis | GlucoWatch (Cygnus) |
| Smith A, 1999173 | 2–4 | Healthy subjects (n=4) | Microporation | Fluorescein detection |
| Rebrin K, 200064 | 5–12 | Anaesthetised dogs | Transcutaneous sensor | MiniMed CGMS (Medtronic) |
| Gross T, 2000174 | 10 | People with type 1 or 2 diabetes (n=135) | Transcutaneous sensor | MiniMed CGMS (Medtronic) |
| Aussedat B, 200091 | 5–10 | Anaesthesised rats | Transcutaneous sensor | Enzymatic biosensor |
| Feldman B, 2003146 | 5 | People with type 1 diabetes (n=30) | Transcutaneous sensor | FreeStyle Navigator (Abbott) |
| Boyne MS, 200366 | 4–10 | People with type 1 diabetes (n=14) | Transcutaneous sensor | MiniMed CGMS (Medtronic) |
| Kulcu E, 200383 | 5 | IT people with type 1 or 2 diabetes (n=51) | Reverse iontophoresis | GlucoWatch (Cygnus) |
| Varalli M, 2003175 | 2 | People with diabetes, healthy subjects | Transcutaneous sensor | Glucoday (A. Menarini Diagnostics) |
| Steil GM, 200587 | 3–8 | Insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in healthy subjects (n=10) | Transcutaneous sensor | MiniMed CGMS (Medtronic) |
| Weinstein RL, 2007176 | 13 | People with type 1 diabetes (n=58) | Transcutaneous sensor | FreeStyle Navigator (Abbott) |
| Wentholt IM, 2007177 | 6 | People with type 1 diabetes (n=13) | Microdialysis | Glucoday (A.Menarini Diagnostics) |
| Groenendaal W, 2008145 | 1–3 (dermis) | Insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in healthy subject (n=10) | Transcutaneous sensor | MiniMed CGMS (Medtronic) |
| 5–10 (adipose tissue) | ||||
| Kamath A, 2009178 | 6±1 | IT people with diabetes (n=117) | Transcutaneous sensor | SEVEN (Dexcom) |
| Bailey T, 2009179 | 8 | IT people with type 1 or 2 diabetes (n=51) | Transcutaneous sensor | seven plus (Dexcom) |
| Garg SK, 2009180 | 5±3 (Dexcom) | People with type 1 diabetes (n=14) | Transcutaneous sensor | SEVEN (Dexcom), FreeStyle Navigator (Abbott) |
| 10±3 (Abbott) | ||||
| Kovatchev BP, 2009164 | 13 | People with type 1 diabetes (n=28) | Transcutaneous sensor | Freestyle Navigator (Abbott) |
| Mazze RS, 200967 | 0–20 (Dexcom) | IT people with type 1 or 2 diabetes (n=24) | Transcutaneous sensor | Minimed Guardian RT (Medtronic), STS (Dexcom) |
| 17–32 (Medtronic) | ||||
| Valgimigli f, 2010181 | 11 | People with type 1 and 2 diabetes (n=12) | Microdialysis | GlucoMen Day (A. Menarini Diagnostics) |
| McGarraugh G, 2011182 | 10 | People with type 1 diabetes (n=47) | Transcutaneous sensor | FreeStyle Navigator (Abbott) |
| Ward wk, 2011183 | Rise = 9 | People with type 1 diabetes (n=7) | Transcutaneous sensor | seven plus (Dexcom) |
| Fall = 2 | ||||
| Keenan DB, 2012184 | 8–12 | People with type 1 and 2 diabetes (n=97) | Transcutaneous sensor | Enlite Sensor (Medtronic) |
CGM = continuous glucose monitor; IT = insulin treated.