Table 2.

TFEB and TFE3 phosphorylation sites that have been directly evaluated to date

Site	Kinase	Method used to characterize site	Treatments	Effects of site phosphorylation on TFEB	References
TFEB
S122	mTOR	In vitro kinase assay, phospho‐antibody, mutation of modification site, Western blotting, immunoprecipitation	Amino acid starvation, glucose starvation, serum starvation, Torin‐1	Cytoplasmic retention	Vega‐Rubin de Celis et al (2017)
S134/S138	GSK3B	In vitro kinase assay, mutation of modification site	GSK3 inhibitors, PMA, angiotensinII, LPS	Cytoplasmic retention	Li et al (2016)
S142	Erk 1/2, mTOR	Phospho‐antibody, in vitro kinase assay, mutation of modification site, Western blotting	Amino acid starvation, serum starvation, Torin‐1, antimycinA/oligomycin	Cytoplasmic retention	Settembre et al (2011), Settembre et al (2012), Nezich et al (2015)
S211	mTOR	In vitro kinase assay, mass‐spectometry, phospho‐antibody, mutation of the modification site, Western blotting, immunoprecipitation	Amino acid starvation, serum starvation, lysosomal stress, Torin‐1/PP42	Cytoplasmic retention, 14‐3‐3 binding	Martina et al (2012), Roczniak‐Ferguson et al (2012), Settembre et al (2012), Vega‐Rubin de Celis et al (2017)
S462/S463/S467/S469	PKCB	Mutation of modification site, Western blotting	RANKL	Protein stabilization	Ferron et al (2013)
S462/S463/S466/S467/S469	Hyperactive mTOR (TSC2−/− cells)	Mutation of modification site	Rapamycin, serum starvation	Nuclear translocation	Pena‐Llopis et al (2011)
S467	AKT	In vitro kinase assay, mutation of modification site	Trehalose	Cytoplasmic retention	Palmieri et al (2017)
TFE3
S321	mTOR	In vitro kinase assay, phospho‐antibody, mutation of modification site, Western blotting, immunoprecipitation	Amino acid starvation, serum starvation, Torin‐1, tunicamycin, LPS	Cytoplasmic retention, 14‐3‐3 binding	Martina et al (2014), Martina et al (2016), Pastore et al (2016), Wada et al (2016)