Table 4.
Distribution and validity of nTMS‐induced errors in the left HF. Second column: percentage of nTMS errors in the left HF by error type. Third column: percentage of true positive findings (where both DCS and nTMS induce naming errors) for each nTMS error type
| Error type | Percentage of all errors in the left HF | Percentage of true positives |
|---|---|---|
| Anomia | 57% | 30% |
| Hesitation | 17% | 76% |
| Semantic paraphasia | 10% | 44% |
| Phonological paraphasia | 10% | 30% |
| Performance error | 4% | 25% |
| Neologism | 1% | 14% |
DCS: direct cortical stimulation; HF: hemisphere; nTMS: navigated transcranial stimulation.