Extracellular agonism and antagonism of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Nodal during axis patterning. (A) References supporting and defining agonism and antagonism listed next to each connector. Expression domain of each species during axis patterning denoted by box color. (B–M) Conserved domains in each agonist and antagonist along with known binding domains. Note that additional binding partners that do not have a known binding domain determined by a structure–function analysis may exist. References to structure–function analysis shown for each binding domain. AA, amino acid; CR, cysteine-rich domain; Pro, Pro-domain; CC, coil–coil domain; DAN, differentially screening-selected gene arbitrative in neuroblastoma domain; Olfactomedin, olfactomedin domain; TM, transmembrane domain; Partial vWFD, Von Willebrand factor type D domain; Kaz, Kazal domain family Follistatin module; E, EGF domain; CUB, complement C1r/C1s-sea urchin epidermal growth factor-BMP-1; Protease, protease, Nog domain, Noggin domain; SFRP-1L, secreted frizzled-related protein domain; Chd, chordin; Chrd, chordin domain; TgfB-L, TGF-β-like domain; TIL, trypsin inhibitor-like cysteine-rich domain. Numbers 1 through 75 in panels A and B refer to the following references: 1, Agius et al. 2000; 2, Aykul and Martinez-Hackert 2016; 3, Aykul et al. 2015; 4, Ambrosio et al. 2008; 5, Bates et al. 2013; 6, Bayramov et al. 2011; 7, Bell 2003; 8, Belo et al. 2000; 9, Bijakowski et al. 2012; 10, Blader 1997; 11, Blitz et al. 2000; 12, Blitz et al. 2003; 13, Chang et al. 2001; 14, Chang et al. 2003; 15, Chen and Shen 2004; 16, Church et al. 2015; 17, Collavin 2003; 18, Connors et al. 1999; 19, Connors et al. 2006; 20, Dal-Pra et al. 2006; 21, Degenkolbe et al. 2013; 22, Feldman et al. 2002; 23, Geng et al. 2011; 24, Geach and Dale 2008; 25, Glister et al. 2004; 26, Glister et al. 2015; 27, Goodman et al. 1998; 28, Groppe et al. 1998; 29, Groppe et al. 2002; 30, Groppe et al. 2002; 31, Harms and Chang 2003; 32, Iemura et al. 1998; 33, Inomata et al. 2008; 34, Inomata et al. 2013; 35, Jasuja et al. 2006; 36, Katsu et al. 2012; 37, Khokha et al. 2005; 38, Kisonaite et al. 2016; 39,40, Larrain et al. 2000; 41, Larrain et al. 2001; 42, Lee et al. 2006; 43, Lee et al. 2009; 44, Marques et al. 2004; 45, Miller-Bertoglio et al. 1999; 46, Muraoka et al. 2006; 47, Oelgeschlager et al. 2000; 48, Oelgeschlager 2003; 49, Paine-Saunders et al. 2002; 50, Piccolo et al. 1997; 51, Piccolo et al. 1999; 52, Ploper et al. 2011; 53, Rentzsch et al. 2006; 54, Cha et al. 2006; 55, Salic et al. 1997; 56, Scott et al. 1999; 57, Scott et al. 2001; 58, Seemann et al. 2009; 59, Serpe et al. 2008; 60, Shibata et al. 2005; 61, Sidis et al. 2006; 62, Sun et al. 2006a; 63, Tanegashima et al. 2004; 64, Troilo et al. 2014; 65, Troilo et al. 2016; 66, Viviano et al. 2004; 67, Vonica and Brivanlou 2007; 68, Wardle et al. 1999; 69, Winstanley et al. 2015; 70, Xie and Fisher 2005; 71, Yabe 2003a; 72, Zhang et al. 2007; 73, Zhang et al. 2010; 74, Zimmerman et al. 1996; 75, Cheng et al. 2004.