Figure 3.

Effect of Frondanol on colon histology. (a) Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining was carried out to provide material for microscopic scoring (Scale Bars: 100 μm). Microscopic analysis shows typical architecture of the colon with normal thickness of the submucosa, muscle layer, and regular crypt structure in the mucosa in the control. The DSS-treated colon section shows focal loss of crypts and surface epithelium with inflammation reaching up to the submucosa. Frondanol protected the microscopic architectures in the DSS-treated group. Crypt distortion score and colon inflammation score (b,c) were significantly higher in the DSS-treated group. Frondanol treatment significantly lowered both crypt distortion and colon inflammation scores. All of the histology pictures are represented at 20× magnification. Data were obtained from n = 8 animals in each group and are expressed as means ± SEM. (control vs. DSS +++ p < 0.0001, DSS vs. DSS + Frondanol, and control vs. DSS + Frondanol *** p < 001, obtained by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test).